Unit 6 p7 Health and Social Care

P7-Describe the jobs, duties and vocation pathways of 3 wellbeing or social vehicle laborers. Social laborer: Social specialists structure associations with individuals and help them to live more effectively inside their nearby networks by helping them discover answers for their issues. Social work includes connecting with customers themselves as well as their families and companions just as working intimately with different associations including the police, nearby position divisions, schools and the probation service.Social work can be a distressing vocation, you should be efficient as there is a noteworthy degree of managerial work †and time the board abilities are pivotal. A social specialist is relied upon to evaluate, audit and keep up records of explicit cases, all inside certain time periods while accomplishing set norms of care and offering support clients and their families with the assistance they need. The job and obligations of a social specialist are expansive and changed, yet for the most part they incorporate the arrangement of direction and backing, with a primary spotlight on permitting the administration client to in the long run help themselves however much as could reasonably be expected. Comparative article: Unit 4 M1A social laborer has a particular job and should enroll with the Social Care Council so as to fill in as a social specialist. Social laborers additionally need to show that they have attempted the necessary preparing and advancement. There are a few errands that solitary an enrolled social specialist utilized by a neighborhood authority may embrace. These include: †¢Undertaking kid security examinations. †¢Undertaking starting, center, cultivate and reception appraisals. †¢Developing and driving the Child Protection (or CIN) plan. †¢Initiating legitimate procedures to apply for a scope of requests including conceding youngsters to the consideration framework and putting them for adoption.There are different courses to turning into a social specialist, however you should increase an expert capability in social work (generally at degree level) either on a full-time or low maintenance premise. This is offered at undergrad and postgraduat e master’s level. It is additionally conceivable to take a degree course consolidating social work with psychological well-being or learning incapacity nursing. To turn into a social specialist, you will require a social work degree. The degree course takes 3 years to finish in England, Wales and Northern Ireland †and 4 years in Scotland.Before being acknowledged onto a social work degree course, you should exhibit that you comprehend what social work is about and have had an involvement with social work or social consideration. Your past experience could be paid work involvement with a related field, for example, a carer or it could be intentional experience inside a consideration or social work setting. It will assist you with assessing your own qualities and shortcomings, just as giving a comprehension of exactly what kind of work is engaged with a vocation as a social worker.Demand for social work degree places is very high so the better your evaluations and the natu re of your applicable experience, the more possibility you will have of increasing a spot. To get a spot on a social work degree course in England you will require: at least 5 GCSE's at grade A* to C †two of these MUST be English and Maths †¢You will likewise require at least 2 A levels At certain colleges this necessity can be higher. You should check the necessities at the college of your choice.Middlesex college, London: Admission to the MA Social Work degree at Middlesex University requires a higher below average distinctions degree or above (I. e. 2:1 or above). Capacity to breeze through composed and numeracy assessments at GCSE grade C level (tried as a component of the determination procedure). The college of Northampton: Applicants must have grade C GCSE arithmetic and grade C English or equal. A commonplace offer would be 260-300 UCAS duty focuses. National Salary Data National Salary Data Salary? 19,196 †? 32,666 Bonus? 0. 00 †? 3,013 Total Pay ? 19,16 6 †? 37,005The normal pay for a Social Worker in the UK is ? 29,074 Midwife: Midwives regularly depict their activity as ‘privileged'. The job they have in getting ready ladies for the conveyance of new life makes them an essential nearness during all phases of pregnancy, work and the early postnatal period. The job is requesting and conveys a lot of obligation. More birthing specialists presently work in the network, offering types of assistance in ladies' homes, neighborhood facilities, youngsters' focuses and GP medical procedures. There likewise a lot of chances for birthing specialists to take a shot at antenatal, work and postnatal wards and neonatal units.There are as of now no national least scholarly passage prerequisites for section into maternity care courses. As an outcome, each advanced education organization (HEI) running courses sets its own standards. All candidates must have the option to exhibit proof of education and numeracy. For numeracy this incorpor ates proof of capacity to: Accurately control numbers as applied to volume, weight, and length, (counting, expansion, deduction, division, augmentation, utilization of decimals, parts, and rates) to incorporate utilizing a calculator.For education this incorporates proof of capacity to: Read and grasp (in English or Welsh) and to impart plainly and viably recorded as a hard copy to incorporate utilizing a word processor. For section onto a pre-enrollment degree program in birthing assistance, you will require at least five GCSEs at grade C or above (regularly including English language or writing and a science subject), in addition to two A' levels or comparable (despite the fact that practically speaking, you are bound to require three A' levels or proportionate). Colleges require: (Birmingham city college) †¢GCE An/A2 level 00 UCAS levy focuses from a limit of three An/A2 level passes which must incorporate one of Psychology, Sociology, Biology, Health and Social Care or Huma n Biology at Grade C or above. A run of the mill offer would be ABC. †¢BTEC Extended Diploma in Health and Social Care Minimum Grade DDD required. †¢GCE AS/A1 level Two subjects acknowledged with two GCE An/A2 Levels which must incorporate one of Psychology, Sociology, Biology, Health and Social Care or Human Biology at Grade C or above. Must accomplish at least 300 levy focuses. †¢GCE/AVCE Double Award in Health and Social CareGCE/AVCE Double Award with residual UCAS levy focuses from a limit of one GCE An/A2 Level. The base beginning compensation for recently qualified maternity specialists in the NHS is ? 21,176 at Band 5. Birthing specialists for the most part progress to Band 6, which begins at ? 25,258, following at least a year and a limit of 24. Subject to achievement inside the NHS Career Framework pay rates can increase to ? 34,189. The scope of common pay rates at senior level, e. g. those dealing with a group, exploration or showing exercises, or with pro information is ? 30,460 †? 40,157. Physiotherapist:Physiotherapists help and treat individuals of any age with physical issues causes by ailment, mishap and maturing. Physiotherapy is social insurance calling which considers human to be as integral to the wellbeing and prosperity of people. Physiotherapist help and treat individuals of any age with physical issues brought about by ailment, mishap or maturing. Physiotherapy is a social insurance calling which considers human to be as fundamental to the wellbeing and prosperity of people. Physiotherapists distinguish and augment development potential through wellbeing advancement, preventive human services, treatment and rehabilitation.The center abilities utilized by physiotherapists incorporate manual treatment, restorative exercise. Physiotherapists additionally have an energy about mental, social and social elements which impact their customers. Numerous physiotherapists work inside clinics. Here they are required in for all intents and purposes each office, from general out-patients to serious consideration, where nonstop chest physiotherapy can be crucial to keep oblivious patients relaxing. The base section prerequisites are the equivalent for all degree courses, however because of culmination for places, it implies that restrictive proposal for places are set higher than least. ou’re required to have 5 GCSEs at grades A-C, which ought to incorporate maths both English language and writing and a choice of science subjects, and 3 A-levels at grade A-C, which one them ought to be natural science. National Salary Data National Salary Data Salary? 18,358 †? 40,716 Bonus? 0. 00 †? 2,936 Total Pay ? 18,774 †? 46,724 In 2008, the normal pay for this activity was ? 27,000. The normal pay in 2009 was ? 25,257, The normal pay in 2010 was ? 48,743 The normal compensation in 2011 was ? 28,506

IELTS Academic Essay Samples

IELTS Academic Essay SamplesAcademic essay samples are among the many types of free teaching material available online. The latest trend is to use them to guide the students to write their essays. This is true with the IELTS Academic Exam, which is used by more than half of the people who sit for the examination in the UK.You can find the IELTS Student Paper Bundle available for free download on the internet. The bundle contains an essay, a test booklet and a set of practice questions. It is a convenient option for the students to prepare for the exam. It can be used as a teaching tool or even for revision and editing before the actual test.The ILSIT-BOK Sample Book is another type of essay sample, which is a tool that helps the IELTS examiners to assess the students' writing skills. The ILSIT-BOK contains five different topics that the IELTS examiner may ask the students to write an essay on. Each topic is divided into three sections: Vocabulary, Sentence Structure and Naming, and L istening. In this sample book, the IELTS examiners will come across a few sample essays.For the ILSIT-BOK, the students are advised to write an essay on a specific topic. The essay needs to be written in English and needs to have a clear thesis statement. The essay should be well constructed, but does not need to be an essay in English.The ILSIT-BOK is one of the most commonly used types of essay samples, which the IELTS examiners commonly used to assess the students' writing skills. It is very helpful for the students to prepare an essay with ILSIT-BOK on the basis of the sample book. If you use this as a tool for essay writing, then you will have an idea about the types of questions that the IELTS examiners usually ask the students.If you are looking for an essay sample that will help you write a well-written essay, then the ILSIT-BOK is a good choice. Since it is a BOU (Band 1) books, the ILSIT-BOK contains common practice tests that you can use in improving your writing skills. In fact, many of the students prefer to take these practice tests rather than writing an essay on their own.The test booklet for the ILSIT-BOK can be used by students for writing practice, revision, and editing. This test booklet is also available for free download on the internet. The book has a number of sample essays which you can use for writing your own essay. You can edit them and use them as an essay of your own if you want to.If you are thinking of using the ILSIT-BOK as a tool for your essay writing, then you should first check the right edition of the book that you are going to use. The editions available vary from different regions of the world. Once you have identified the edition of the book, you can search for an online copy of the book to check for corrections, changes, additions, etc. This will help you in writing an essay that you are proud of.

Biosafety Protocol: Is There A Need For One? :: essays research papers fc

Biosafety Protocol: Is There A Need For One? Diagram Proposition explanation: A worldwide biosafety convention ought to be made to build up and keep up command over the items planned with biotechnology. I. The current laws and guidelines that administer the arrival of transgenic life forms are deficient or nonexistent. A. The created countries of the world are utilizing guidelines that were intended to control and screen crops made with conventional advancements. B. Biotechnology is managed by three unique offices. C. The lacking countries have for all intents and purposes no guidelines administering transgenic living beings. 1. This demonstrates biotechnological research can and is being led in these nations without guideline. 2. There are numerous biotech organizations situated in created nations that have branches or joint endeavors around the world. II. The potential dangers of transgenic living beings to nature is as yet being resolved. A. A few specialists caution that there is a risk that biotechnology can make freak crossovers. B. Biotechnology can possibly hurt the economies of a few creating countries. C. The last and conceivable the most significant contention for an worldwide biosafety convention is for the sake of numbness also, alert III. The United States, Germany, Japan, and Australia are the main nations contradicted to the biosafety convention. IV. The requirement for an adjustment in the realm of agribusiness is certain. As the world draws nearer to the 21st century, innovative work in the region of biotechnology has expanded significantly. As indicated by Bette Hileman of Chemical and Engineering News, the total populace will increment by 3 billion individuals in the following thirty years while the measure of land accessible for agribusiness can't be incredibly extended. "Biotechnology - explicitly that angle associated with moving qualities from one animal varieties into the [DNA] of another - can possibly lighten . . ." (8) this and numerous different issues confronting the world sooner rather than later. Despite the fact that biotechnology has just appeared emotional outcomes in the production of helpful transgenic (hereditarily built) species, numerous nations and specialists are ". . . very suspicious about the employments of biotechnology" (8). Accordingly, a worldwide biosafety convention ought to be made to build up and keep up command over the items structured with biotechnology. The current laws and guidelines that administer the arrival of transgenic life forms are deficient or nonexistent. As a rule, the created countries of the world are utilizing guidelines that were intended to control and screen crops made with conventional advancements like hybridization and cross-reproducing (Hileman 8). Pamela Weintraub, of the National Audubon Society, expresses that many expected issues with biotechnology can be monitored with legitimate guidelines, yet the guidelines (where there are any) administering biotechnology today are "tangled and obscure" (164). In the United States for instance, biotechnology is managed by three

The Scarlet Letter The Objectification, Ostracization,...

The Scarlet Letter: The Objectification, Ostracization, and Targeting of Women. Kevin Sachtleben Harris- Period 3 â€Å"From the intense consciousness of being the object of severe and universal observation, the wearer of the scarlet letter was at length relieved, by discerning on the outskirts of the crowd a figure which irresistibly took possession of her thoughts.†(Hawthorne, 52). This quote from the top of page fifty two surrounds the most controversial event in the book from when Hester was publicly shamed and humiliated because of her crime of adultery. In concurrence with this event, Hawthorne embodies the three most prevalent anti-feministic ideas from the book: objectification, ostracization, and targeting of women in 17th century Puritan society. Even though the shaming of Hester had just begun and the trial had just been concluded, the town was already beginning to push her away and view her not as Hester Prynne, but as the â€Å"A† for adultery. When I read this, I began to feel astonished at the fact that people would begin to judge her so quickly while having such lit tle knowledge of the event for which Hester was in trouble. Not only was Hester ostracized for a crime that we now know as a relatively conventional event, to make matters worse, everyone in the crowd scapegoated solely her which was uncanny to me since with the crime of adultery, there must be another person involved, specifically a man. This made me think about why nobody had done anything to

Essay about Womens Prostitution and the Criminal Justice...

In the following assignment, it is my intention to produce a research report, examining women involved in street prostitution and how they end up entering the criminal justice system. Within the report I will look at three pieces of research, review their main findings, the type of research that was used, and look to identify where I believe further research is required. My reason for choosing women in the criminal justice system is that I have expressed an interest in the criminal justice setting and my elective module is in this area. Anything that I learn from undertaking this assignment will aid my understanding and increase my knowledge base when undertaking my second placement.†¦show more content†¦Women involved in street prostitution are subjected to routine violence and in the last 7 years, there have been unresolved murders and suspicious deaths, (Womens Support Project 2001). Historically, policing practices have been heavy-handed and local government has sought to limit the spread of indoor prostitution. This is in contrast to the population of indoor prostitution in Edinburgh, which is approximately (90%) with only around 50 women involved in street prostitution, the proportion of intravenous drug users is also reportedly lower (Mackay, F Schaap, A 2000). In England and Wales between 1989 and 1995 there were 1,700 convictions of young people under 18 for offences relating to prostitution with a further 2,300 cautions issued. It was within this same period that there was a 40% increase in the number of recorded cases, which involved children aged 16 or under, (Mackay, F Schaap, A 2000). This has lead to the publication of national guidelines on the safeguarding of children involved in street prostitution in England and Wales (Department of Health, 2000). Over the years there has been more and more research carried out in relation to the issues surrounding street prostitution, with the government trying to identify areasShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality Within The Criminal Justice System974 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many disparities within the criminal justice system that can be recognized. One of the most commonly researched disparities is with race and ethnicity. However, there is another disparity that, while just as important, may be less recognized. This disparity is gender. For many years, criminologists have developed theories as to why females commit crime dating back to 1895. One more recent theory of crime is Sampson and Laub’s life course theory. This theory argues that the events that occurRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?958 Words   |  4 PagesProstitution is a topic with a lot of controversy. The reason is because it mixes with other themes such as feminism, violence against women, racism, po verty, gender, women’s inequality, trafficking of women, employment, and many more (Armstrong, 1990). Essentially, the topic of prostitution is so extensive and diverse that even until this day, the issue has caused uproar of concerns in all realms of society, in all nations. Yet, if a focus had to be drawn on this examination with prostitutionRead MoreFemale Criminality And The Criminal System1368 Words   |  6 Pagesto prostitution evading many other aspects of women criminality such as hysterics, infanticide and shoplifters, which were generally the stars of the tabloid press but not of criminological studies (Bronfman, 2007; Rodrà ­guez, 2006). Throughout this essay I will present various facets of female criminality and delinquency, including prostitution, and the many issues faced by women in the criminal system, as well as the forensic techniques that were developed to identify these female criminals suchRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized? Canada?1379 Words   |  6 Pagessexual intercourse. Over time, the subject of prostitution has surfaced in spiritual and social discussion, and more recently into legal and moral discourses with an emphasis on the rights of sex workers. Since the recent phenomenon of advanced women’s rights through rigorous activist groups in the late nineteenth to early twentieth century, propelling the advancement of women’s rights movements began to immerge in the first world. At its core, prostitution is not an individual issue, but rather, a societalRead MoreWomen s Duration Of Criminal Crimes804 Words   |  4 PagesI would respond to my friend’s comment by disagreeing with her/him while supporting my own claims. The amount of crime women commit compared to the amount of crime men commit is still less in our society (Lecture). Women’s duration of criminal offenses usually starts earlier and ends earlier (Lecture). Men on the other hand usually commit crime later and they commit c rime over a longer duration of time. Women that commit crime differ in the type and seriousness of crimes they commit compared to theRead MoreEssay about Gender Politics in the US Criminal Justice System1736 Words   |  7 PagesPolitics in the US Criminal Justice System The state of women in the United States criminal justice system, an apparently fair organization of integrity and justice, is a perfect example of a seemingly equal situation, which turns out to be anything but. While the policies imposed in the criminal justice system have an effect on all Americans, they affect men and women in extremely dissimilar manners. By looking at the United States history of females in the criminal justice system, the social manipulationRead MoreThe Difference in a Womans Path towards Incarceration to that of a Mans839 Words   |  3 PagesWomen’s path towards incarceration tends to a totally different path than that of their male counterparts, according to the NIC in a study in 2003. The majority of women who end up in prion have a dependent that they are the primary caregivers of. According to the study conducted by the NIC, â€Å"80% of women who enter prison are mothers, nearly 85% of those have custody and 70% of women who enter prison have at least one child under the age of 18,† (Schmalleger, p 454). According to the book CriminalRead MoreSociological Explanations For Gender Differences936 Words   |  4 Pagescriminality, and there are many sociological arguments to suggest that female criminals are treated more leniently. On the other hand, some sociologists believe women are treated more harshly when they commit certain types of crime. This essay aims to assess the reasons for gender differences in reported crime rates. Official crime rates are measured by crimes reported and recorded by the police and criminal justice system, and are collected by the Home Office. Frances Heidensohn (1975) believes thatRead MoreHuman Trafficking Essay793 Words   |  4 Pagespeople involved or affected by modern-day slavery here in the US (Silver 6). With a record breaker of 43% the sex industry is on top of the chart (Quoted by Galuszka 1). Our government should be making more effort. With fake arrange marriage and prostitution on the rise, it leaves a great gap for perverts everywhere. The civil war was once upon a time and we must keep it that way. Being the most prominent part of the sex industry human trafficking is bubbling. In fact just this past month the numberRead MoreThe Trafficking of Women1516 Words   |  7 PagesThe Trafficking of Women The trafficking of women and girls for the purpose of prostitution is big business. It has been and still is one of the biggest industries worldwide. These unfortunate women and girls do not lead normal lives, but rather they are bought and sold as commodities. They also usually have no control over their lives and live in conditions of extreme poverty and abuse. Trafficking, debt bondage, forced labor, and other abuse is suffered by women all over the world and it is

The Bible And The Holy Bible Essay - 1730 Words

From its first pages, the Holy Bible indicates that the most terrible events in the annals of space occur due to the human actions. From the theological point of view, the man is designated with such importance due to the fact of being the reason of war between God and Lucifer. Unfortunately, after the Fall of man, the evil was allowed into the world, and thus the world got secluded from God. God can speak to people, is able to remind them of His existence, but the whole tragedy of the pre-Christian world can be expressed in a simple and well-known phrase: â€Å"There was God, and there were people†, and they were apart. Between them, there was a kind of thin, invisible wall preventing the human heart from to connecting with God truly, and hindering God from staying with people forever. Appearing in the role of God’s servant, Christ comes to people with the aim of raising a revolt against the usurper inside their souls. When we carefully read the Bible, it becomes clear that Christ is not a sentimental preacher emphasizing on morals and ethics of the times; He is a warrior, and the Cross of Calvary is the price He had to pay for people’s fascination with the evil teachings. Jazzmon Brunson The Crucifixion of Jesus Christ From its first pages, the Holy Bible indicates that the most terrible events in the annals of space occur due to the human actions. From the theological point of view, the man is designated with such importance due to the fact of being the reason of war betweenShow MoreRelatedThe Bible And The Holy Bible766 Words   |  4 PagesChristians believe that there is no error in the Holy Scriptures. Since the Bible was written many years ago, we must reconcile our understanding of passages that seem to make contradictory statements. The Holy Scriptures as a whole is the Word of God. The doctrine of inerrancy of Scripture states that there are no errors in the bible. Two passages in 1 John, however, make seemly contradictory statements. But the author wrote under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. The meaning of two passages in 1Read MoreThe Bible And The Holy Bible2735 Words   |  11 PagesMesser says that for Christians, the Holy Bible is the rich mixture of writings of various kinds, written over many centuries in many different settings collected together in the Hebrew Bible, and the New Testament; and by calling this collection of writing â€Å"Scripture† we are marking it off from other writings that come from the same places and times and claiming that is has some kind of special status and authority within the community of Christian faith. (Messer p5) One way for Christians toRead MoreThe Bible And The Holy Bible2081 Words   |  9 Pages Any Christian who reads the Holy Bible and studies to Bible knows many of Jesus’s as parables. The new testament is filled with numerous amount of parables which seem to be stories that Jesus told in order to get his message across. The word parable comes from πΠ±Ã ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ½ which means a figure of speech., and this is the way that Jesus spoke. I have spoken to you in figures of speech; the hour is coming when I shall no longer speak to you in figures of speech, but tell you plainly of the Father.(JohnRead MoreThe Holy Bible3417 Words   |  14 PagesOne could read the Bible in its original Hebrew and Greek texts, while simultaneously investigating every English translation available and not find the word Trinity even once in any language. Certainly the concept, when compared to any other, is revolutionary in nature. Everything about God is revolutionary. This pape r will illustrate that no one Person of the Trinity is above another. Also, focus will be placed on the relationship of the three Persons while explaining their function in relationRead MoreThe Christian Religion / Holy Bible And The Bible1751 Words   |  8 Pagespassing down cultural values, we too are able to learn from them and put such knowledge into a modern context. Particularly dealing with the Christian religion/holy bible that was forcibly spread throughout the world with colonialization, many stories interpreted from it produces various perspectives that seem to change as years pass, with bibles being revised/edited. Even translation from ancient languages into modern languages are not always perfect, so real misunderstandings will remain. However,Read MoreThe Holy Text Of The Bible765 Words   |  4 Pagesvirtually shaped the world so throughout this essay I will discuss about the holy text of the bible, and about the general concept of the Judaism. Frist, Judaism has a rich history of religious text. As Rabbi Edwards from Rodfei Zedek stated, â€Å"The Torah is the first part of the Jewish Bible. It is the central and most important document of Judaism and had been used by Jews through the ages†. There are five books where the bible is made Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. Torah refersRead MoreThe Holy Bible And Holy Torah1454 Words   |  6 Pageshypothesis. This included one interview with a devout Catholic from the Islands of Fiji (Mar, Interviewee,13/07/15). Moreover, comprehensive secondary research was gathered from a variety of books and relevant websites. In particular, the holy Bible and the holy Torah were very useful, as this main aspects of information gathering denoted a very different and diverse approach to the Initiation ritual. The writer will investigate how he has used the information to formulate, his own ideas and conceptsRead MoreThe Bible : The Holy Spirit1344 Words   |   6 PagesIntroduction The Bible, composed by 40 authors inside a 1500 year time frame, is an assorted collection of books varying in types, ranging from history, law, prophecy, gospel, and personal epistles. One book telling one story, the Bible’s author, the Holy Spirit, inspires all the writers to tell the world God’s story of salvation through His son Jesus Christ. Featuring God as originator of creation, King of creation, and source of creation, the Bible highlights the kingdom of God as one good funRead MoreThe Bible And The Holy Spirit1702 Words   |  7 Pagesevents that took place in the past, but when you pick up the Bible and read the New Testament and come across the books of Acts, you will be immersed with the Holy Spirit. God’s miraculous hands are placed upon the book of Acts. He is the only one that is able to give this book its meaning in the manner in which we are directed the message that He wants to portray to in our daily lives. Throughout the book of Acts, any reader of the Bible can give account as to what God’s movement throughout the churchRead MoreThe Holy Bible And The Crusades921 Words   |  4 Pagesmany Jews lived there. Saul needed letters from the most important priest. Then he would have authority. He could catch any believer that he found. People called the early Christians ‘those who followed the way of the lord†.† Acts 1: 1-2. (The sword bible translators notes). He was a witness in the stoning of Stephen in Acts 7. He met with Jesus on his way to Damascus and he was charged with a message to the Gentiles. Ananias was commanded by God to go to the street call straight and pray for Saul who

Layers of the Earth Essay Example For Students

Layers of the Earth Essay Mankind tried to understand the internal structure and external structure of the earth from the immemorial times. But these theories were more likely related to legends and myths connected with divine intervention, but not with science. For example, the ancient Egyptians believed that the whole heavenly sphere was supported by the goddess of the sky, and the Sun was traveling across the sky in a boat. The inhabitants of ancient Babylon perceived the Earth as a mountain on the slope of which they lived. From the south, it was surrounded by the sea. According to their ideas, a solid sky rests on the sea, along which the sun moves, and under the earth the abyss. At night, the Sun comes down to this abyss and in the morning rises from the east. The first scientific hypothesis is the famous theory about the flat Earth, which has been famous since the times of Mesopotamian culture. The planet was depicted as a flat disk surrounded by the ocean. The Earth from the ancient point of view In ancient culture, in the 6th century BC Greeks tended to round shape, and in 330 BC famous philosopher Aristotle confirmed the idea of  a spherical Earth and gave the first evidence base. Claudius Ptolemy supplemented this evidence base, justifying it by the fact that the mountains are visible from the sea as if protruding from the water, which is possible if they are partially obscured by the water surface. At the same time, interest in geological research, minerals and metals appeared. But the real breakthrough occurred only in the 16-17th centuries. Edmund Halley in 1692 proposed the theory of the the  hollow world. He argued that inside there is a cavity, that is, a certain core whose thickness is 800 km and between these spheres, there is an air gap. In order to avoid the effect of friction, the inner sphere must be held in place by gravity. The model displayed two concentric shells around the core. Then the scientists decided to consider the authenticity of the Bible. It was important for researchers to calculate the real age of the planet and find evidence of the flood. It was here that they began to consider fossils and develop a system for classifying the dating of layers. The main date that becomes crucial in Earth science In 1774, Abraham Werner presented in his writings a detailed system for the identification of certain minerals, based on their external characteristics. In 1741, the first post in geology appeared in the National Museum of Natural History of France. After 10 years, the term geology came into use. In the 1770s In the first place in the studies comes chemical analysis. One of the important tasks was to study places for the presence of liquid floods in the past. In the 1780s scientists developed the theory that the layers were created by fire. According to theory, the planet was formed due to solidification of the molten mass. The followers of this hypothesis were called plutonists. In the 19th century, the industrial revolution greatly influenced geology. Scientists began to realize that the age of minerals can be calculated geologically. In the 20th century, radiometric dating appeared. Then they thought that the planetary age reaches 2 billion years. In 1912, Alfred Wegener put forward the theory of continental drift. That is, once all the continents were one. Later this was confirmed by geological analysis of samples. In the 20th century, seismology, the study of earthquakes and the passage of waves through the Earth were actively developed. That is what helped to understand the composition and get to the core. .ucde19c3720deb2942a84fd9b001a65a2 , .ucde19c3720deb2942a84fd9b001a65a2 .postImageUrl , .ucde19c3720deb2942a84fd9b001a65a2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucde19c3720deb2942a84fd9b001a65a2 , .ucde19c3720deb2942a84fd9b001a65a2:hover , .ucde19c3720deb2942a84fd9b001a65a2:visited , .ucde19c3720deb2942a84fd9b001a65a2:active { border:0!important; } .ucde19c3720deb2942a84fd9b001a65a2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucde19c3720deb2942a84fd9b001a65a2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucde19c3720deb2942a84fd9b001a65a2:active , .ucde19c3720deb2942a84fd9b001a65a2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucde19c3720deb2942a84fd9b001a65a2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucde19c3720deb2942a84fd9b001a65a2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucde19c3720deb2942a84fd9b001a65a2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucde19c3720deb2942a84fd9b001a65a2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucde19c3720deb2942a84fd9b001a65a2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucde19c3720deb2942a84fd9b001a65a2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucde19c3720deb2942a84fd9b001a65a2 .ucde19c3720deb2942a84fd9b001a65a2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucde19c3720deb2942a84fd9b001a65a2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cruelty of Capital Punishment EssayIn 1926, Harold Jeffries declared that the earths core was liquid. And in 1937 the Danish seismologist Inge Lehmann discovered the existence of a solid inner core of the Earth. So it was proved that the inner space of the planet is differentiated. That is, the structure is represented by layers. Remove one and get to the next one and each will have its own temperature and chemical composition. Today, the Earth can be divided mechanically or chemically. The first method studies the liquid state. Here appears the lithosphere, the asthenosphere, and the mesosphere, the outer and inner core. But the chemical method, which discovered the crust, the mantle, and the core, became very popular. In the center of the planet is the inner core. It is surrounded by an outer core. Then the mantle is located. Above the mantle is the crust on which we live. The crust is the outermost layer of the earths surface in which living organisms can exist. Its average thickness is only 33 km, while it is thinner under the oceans (from 4 to 20 km) and thicker under the continents (from 20 to 75 km). Accordingly, there are two types of crust continental and oceanic, the structure of which is different. The uppermost part of the crust consists of sedimentary rocks, and remains of animals and plants that have long disappeared are often found in it. Like the mantle, the core consists of two parts: the inner and the outer. The temperature of the inner core reaches 7700 Fahrenheit degree celsius (13892 degrees Fahrenheit), and the external one reaches 6000 degrees Celsius (10832 degrees Fahrenheit). The outer core is liquid, that is, its substance is in a molten state and is the source of the magnetic field of our planet. The hard part of the nucleus as it floats in the outer, liquid layer. Thanks to this movement, a magnetic field arises around the earth. It protects life on our planet from the detrimental effects of cosmic particles, for example, ionized (charged) particles of the solar wind. The diameter of the inner core is small about 1500 km. Very little is known about the core: samples of its substance are inaccessible, and all information is obtained by indirect geophysical or geochemical methods. Thanks to them, it was possible to determine that, most likely, it is hard, as it is under tremendous pressure from the overlying layers. Approximately 85% of the core consists of iron, 10% of nickel, and the remaining 5% is silicon.

Pros Cons free essay sample

Most wireline phone companies charge more than what youd pay for most alternatives, and some are taxed more as well. There are some locations where getting new wired phone service is prohibitively expensive or even impossible. Long Distance and extra features like Call Waiting are normally included with alternative phones. More Features: Cellular and broadband phones normally include Long Distance, Voice Mail, Caller ID, Call Forwarding and more, usually at no additional charge. They also have Text Messaging and various forms of data service which are unavailable with a landline. Portability: If you move your home more than average (or if its on wheels), your phone and your number can stay with you. There are no installation charges. Temporary Usage: You can have phone service for the season in a vacation home or cabin, or on an extended stay at a hotel or home of a friend or relative without installing a separate line. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros Cons or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Unlimited Plans: Most alternatives offer a plan that includes Unlimited talk minutes and Long Distance, including cellular. Most cellular carriers have eliminated Unlimited Data plans, although there are some that include Data with some other restrictions. Anonymity: You can easily set up an account (especially prepaid cellular) with either no name or an alternative identity. Fewer Telemarketers: Nuisance calls are reduced because telemarketers want to target customers in certain geographic areas. They wont know where you are. Most telcos provide your landline number to telemarketers. With cellular its illegal for now. With broadband, it depends on the carrier who sets up your number. Internet Access: Your wireless phone can also be your connection to the Internet, either with an internal browser or tethered to your computer, and available wherever there is cellular coverage. Wireless broadband is also available separate from your cellular account. Wi-Fi for Multiple Devices: You can get a cellular modem that provides a wi-fi signal that can connect to up to 5 separate wi-fi devices. Its Green: Replace your fax with an Internet-based fax service like eFax or MyFax. com and stop wasting paper and ink. (Give your old fax to charity) Attitude: Some wired phone companies just treat their customers badly. Sometimes it feels better to leave at any price. Take your broadband wherever you go A mobile broadband connection is exactly that, which means that you can access your emails, check the sports results or watch YouTube videos no matter where you are, provided you have 3G reception. Stop paying for line rental Millions of people continue to pay for line rental on a home phone landline that they rarely use, just so that they can get broadband at home. With mobile broadband, theres no need to pay line rental potentially saving you over ? 100 a year. Plug and play technology All the software you need to connect to the internet is automatically installed when you first plug your USB modem into your laptop no need to set it up or call a technical support helpline. Flexible options available Mobile broadband customers can take advantage of some really great pay as you go tariffs from as little as ? 2 a day, or rolling one-month packages, meaning they only ever pay for what they actually need. Cons: Safety: If you need to call 911, public safety authorities wont automatically know where you are, youll have to tell them. Also, calls with alternative phones will not necessarily be routed to the closest agency. Also, you wont receive Reverse 911 calls alerting you to a public emergency in your neighborhood unless your local emergency center allows you to sign up your number and associate it with a local address. Security: Some businesses will not allow you to use their services without a traceable land line. This includes credit card companies, pizza shops and a few others, although this rule is slowly being relaxed. Satellite TV services want a landline-like plug for their equipment to call them each night. It does work with some broadband phone systems. Your satellite service can still work without it, but you will most likely pay an extra charge. Reliability: Wired telephone services have come as close to 100% reliable as is practical. Their network has substantial power backup, redundant circuits and years to get it right. Alternatives are improving but their networks can vary significantly. Cell sites and other communications nodes have a limited amount of backup power. In an extended power outage, such as after a hurricane or snowstorm, the service may not work, leaving you with no service. Corded phones work in power failures. Cable phones also have a lower level of reliability. Sound Quality: Some alternative phones dont sound the same or as good as a landline. While your alternative phone may sound fine to you, it may be difficult for others. Also, some broadband phone services just dump their audio into the Internet resulting in widely varying data travel times giving you significant sound delays. Lack of Service: You may be in a location where there are no wireless broadband alternatives or may have poor cellular coverage. This might be rectified by adding a cell site to your home. Broadband Speeds: While there are some fairly fast wireless broadband connections, it may be some time before they will compare to wired or cable connections. Malfunctions: Cell sites can stop working for various reasons. Repairs often need to be made on site and may take time. Broadband services require one or more pieces of equipment at your house which you will need to fix if it fails. Wireline equipment can normally be repaired at the central office. Murphys Law says breakdowns will happen at the worst possible time. You Have No Backup: Unless you have an extra cellular phone, if something happens to your main phone or its associated equipment, or your account, you cant just plug another phone into the wall. Inconvenience: Some alternative services only offer a single jack for one phone. If you want service throughout the house you either must go wi-fi or cellular. Otherwise, plan on using the phone near your computer or router. With a cell phone you need to keep it close to you if your home is large or on multiple floors. It Might be Difficult to Get a Job: Some employers require a Local number to consider you for a position. While you can change your out-of-town portable number to something local, there goes your Number For Life. Surprise Costs. Since you normally pay for cellular by the minute, you might talk a lot more than you think. Savings may be less than you expected when calculated long term. Broadband carriers are not regulated like wireline services and could make changes that you dont expect. You Wont Be Listed in the Phone Book. Some directories let you to pay for a personal listing, but others use that as a way to keep you as a landline customer. Alarm systems. Most existing dial-up alarm systems dont work with broadband phone connections. There are other alarm alternatives, including wireless. You May Not Be Able to Send or Receive Faxes. In some cases, faxing is not an issue. In others, you cant just plug in your fax machine. A better choice is to to use a paperless, web-based service like eFax or MyFax. com. Low download limits Even the most generous of mobile broadband tariffs only offer a download allowance of 15GB per month, and that could set you back ? AÂ  month on a two-year contract, while typical value packages offer less than 5GB a month. High costs for exceeding your limit Most mobile broadband providers charge a fee when you exceed your download limit. This is normally several pence per MB and costs can very quickly add up if youre not careful. Always keep an eye on your usage. Slower connections Although suppliers might advertise speeds of up to 10 or 12Mb, mobile broadband speeds rarely exceed the average of around 1Mb. This, combined with the tight usage limits, makes mobile broadband unsuitable for large downloads. Coverage Most of the UK is covered by the 3G mobile network, but coverage can be patchy in some rural areas, with speeds significantly slower in some parts of the country, so you should always check coverage in your area before signing up. PROS OF FIXED LINE NETWORK Reliability Land line/fix line phones can be more reliable than their cellular counterparts. Disconnected cables can disable land lines, but these problems are easily remedied. On the other hand, cellular phones are plagued by several different issues because they rely on a network of radio waves, cellular towers and satellites. In some areas, cellular service is plagued by dropped calls and fuzzy reception. Emergencies The reliability of land line phones makes them advantageous when it comes to emergencies. For example, if someone is hurt and needs immediate medical care, you do not have to worry about contending with poor reception. Land lines also provide a fixed location that emergency responders can rush to. On a cell phone, you must state your address or describe your location, which wastes precious time during a crisis. Sponsored Links

Solid reasons to study in Scotland

Solid reasons to study in Scotland Four Reasons to Study in Scotland When viewing all the options of where you want to study abroad, Scotland has to be the least obvious choice, but choosing a course here gives students the opportunity to study both in busy London-like cities, or in some of the most idyllic landscapes in the world. Once you arrive in Scotland, you wouldn’t want to leave it, guaranteed! Let’s pinpoint 4 good reasons to start your academic career here. Eventful History The Scotts have a rich history that is an integral part of the country's modern cultural heritage. The country saw both the Roman invasion back in the first century and withstood battles for the independence of Scotland. These events blended into an essential chapter of Scotland’s history. But you will be surprised at how much Scotland has to offer, way more than its historical battlegrounds and sophisticated castles. If you wish to embrace a culture that’s proud of its history and open to sharing it with students, then try your luck at one of the best Scottish universities to appreciate it first-hand! With over 100 galleries and 250 museums at hand, you’ll discover what it's really like to explore the history from the inside. Top-notch Universities Scotland boasts a handful of first-class universities that are put on the list of top 200 best educational institutions in the world according to The Times. Such institutions as the University of Glasgow, the University of Aberdeen and the University of Edinburgh that were found between the 1400s and 1500s, are the most recognizable public universities. In addition to age-old universities, Scotland also has plenty of globally renown schools and colleges, both private and public. Besides, if you wish to follow a royal path of pursuing a degree, then apply to The University of St. Andrews where Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge got their diplomas. Great Outdoor Playground If you consider enrolling in one of the Scotland’s educational institutions, mind that you won’t escape the beauty of nature the Scotland has to suggest. Lofty mountains, gleaming lakes, thick forests and miles on miles of golden beaches - Scotland's landscapes are truly breathtaking. Take a stroll through the rolling hills and fertile farmlands of the Lowlands and drive through the deep hills, surrounded by mountains of Highlands. Scotland is also an enviable haven for wayfarers of all aspirations, offering from family hikes along the river and to long-distance routes such as the southern elevation path, as well as high-level mountain walks for the more adventurous. Easy to Travel One of the benefits of being an international student in Scotland is a chance to travel around the country that you will be calling home for the next several years and also travel throughout Europe. In Scotland, there is a variety of transportation options, so you can explore the whole country, from Sango Bay, right where your next stop is Arctic, to the Cairngorms National Park, and even the most hidden places you want to see in between are approachable. If you want to travel, you can do so by an airplane, bus or train that will take you anywhere, from London to Europe. Scotland won’t boost your anxiety as much as a hectic London environment; it’s just a perfect place to meditate on your physical and mental balance.

Food science and nutrition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Food science and nutrition - Essay Example In this regard, experts have indicated a few reasons for such huge number of children in poor families. Specifically, some researches indicated that poor families are mostly unaware of family planning and contraception methods that result in a child every year. Secondly, poor families sent their children to work from very early age, and thus, a number of poor families plan childbirths to have a son that will work for the family. Besides, few experts indicate that women in African countries have high fertility rates (Maume, pp. 23-25), and a majority of families is poor in such countries. Additionally, families with more children are able to acquire greater funding from the government packages, and thus, they are willing to take risk of having more children despite of their deprived situation, and risk of child deaths. Starvation is one of the adverse outcomes of poor families; however, it is an observation that individuals in poor families are able to work harder, as compared to people from middle classes. In other words, body metabolism of poor individuals adapts and adjusts with the conditions of starvation. During starvation, or even during fasting, one can observe a rapid reduction in reserves of glycogen that results in the distribution of fat, as well as protein reserves in different parts of the body. In starvation, oxaloacetic acid produces glucose, and studies (Berek, pp. 717) indicated that enhancement in turnover of ketone occurs in the human body due to long-term starvation, and the body reduces production of various components that allows the body to store vital proteins additionally. Within few days, fat stores deplete in the body, and subsequently, body metabolism adapts on acquiring its fuel and energy from fat, and experts term it ‘carbohydrate economy’ of the human body (Berek, pp.

Conservation and Management of the Environment Case Study - 5

Conservation and Management of the Environment - Case Study Example On the other hand, her employer Carl Damon is not strongly into environmentalism. He gets excited and hopes that Jacquie would create awareness about the entire thing across the organization’s employees. Jacquie Lipscomb’s interest was in the prevention of pollution which dated back to her school days. She used to track everything that happened to all the papers and came up with a recycling program that was implemented in the entire school. Thus, Jacquie was really encouraged by the company’s interest in conserving the environment. She got accustomed to all the operations at KTI and educated herself of all the outputs from the manufacturing procedures and designed ways through which the firm could reduce the release of harmful substances into the atmosphere. Her work at KTI was remarkable and Carl, her boss, was really impressed with her performance at work. After about a year, Jacquie realized that the company has been selling its wastes to another company which never disposed of the wastes properly. This made her approach her boss for clarification. To her surprise, Carl disclosed how the implementation of environmental approaches made the firm’s interest to diminish. In addition, his response was clear that the strategies Jacquie had put in place were never supported. Jacquie felt deceived and wondered if the management is transparent with every operation in the company. Jacquie has all the reasons to feel or rather conclude that Carl deceived her. Deceit has been a problem in companies for years. Thus, to cope with such situations in organizations, there are a number of actions that one should take. These actions are meant to make a person deal with the management which has lost its sight of vision and reality and failed to implement the strategies that are worth to the company, employees, environment and the entire society. To start with, pinpointing the reason why managers sometimes lie is extremely crucial.  

Hiroshima Diary Essay Example for Free

Hiroshima Diary Essay First of all, I would like to say that you have an overall good paper in my opinion. The first thing that I can suggest is a better hook. My attention wasn’t drawn into the paper. I suggest a quote by a scientist or other survivor, and/or a statistic – something that will make a reader think about the paper more. Another thing that I can recommend is to add a little bit more background on the two narratives, but just very brief (a couple sentences). Also I’d like to point out some things that you could use to improve your thesis. The essay is about â€Å"cause and effect† so it has to be mentioned in your thesis. Also mention the 2 things you will compare between the two stories so the reader has an idea where the paper will be going. Other things I noticed that sounded awkward are the way you used quotes. Introducing quotes is a better strategy than just using the quote as a sentence (paragraph 2) as it gives a better flow and gives a better explanation for your argument. Also in my opinion you could expand more on your analysis of both paragraphs and connect your argument to the thesis and to each other so you have a better evaluation of the discussed topic. There are several other small issues that I found. In paragraph 3 you used a long quote, which is 4+ lines, and it should be in a block format and indented. Also you used very short sentences such as, â€Å"Here are the quotes for the effect.† Using more complex sentences gives a better flow and a more professional look to your essay. You also had some good things in your essay. You provided very concise summary to inform a reader about the story and point out the most important information. You point. Also you have very good topic sentences introducing the argument of that paragraph. From your topic sentences I was able to know what they paragraph would be about, and you were consistent with it. After reading your essay and compared it to my own, I figured that I need to include a better summary. I do not give sufficient background information to be enough for my analysis. Junjie, you did a great job at providing accurate citations, great summary and good analysis. However, you could work on expanding your synthesis and evaluation of the argument in your body paragraph. Otherwise, good job.

Basketball Essay -- essays research papers

WHY THE NBA DREAM IS RUINING COLLEGE BASKETBALL   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The National Basketball Association is a corporate powerhouse with installments in nearly every major city in the United States. With the exception of European soccer, professional basketball generates more money per season than any other sport in the world. NBA superstars carry as much authority in the entertainment business as the most popular actors, comedians, and musicians. Even the guys who are last off the bench are making more money in one season than the average middle-class worker makes in five years. Corporate America sells its images, logos, slogans, ideas, and viable goods by employing NBA stars to speak publicly on-behalf of their materials. More and more NBA players are showing up in commercials, in magazine ads, on billboards, and in movies. They have their own radio talk shows, their own clothing and shoe lines, their own video games, and even their own restaurants. Essentially, turning pro opens the door to a lifestyle of undeniable prestige, com fort, and public adornment. NBA players can commit the harshest of criminal violations and get off with minimal penalties. NBA players can have just about any woman they want! Enough said. Thankfully, it takes an incredible amount of skill and determination to make it as a professional basketball player. In the last twenty-five years only a handful of high-school athletes have skipped college and gone straight to the big show. Some of these young men built enduring careers and some were washed out before they reached the legal drinking age of 21. Some made it to the hall-of-fame and some remain in the hall-of-shame. Nevertheless, in the past five years there has been an upsurge in the number of high-school athletes who have chosen to forego college and enter the draft. Debate and discussion over this topic as been heated as of late. College coaches argue against professional coaches, writers and reporters argue against sporting agents and advertising executives, and parents squabble with their blue-chip prospects. Supporters of this trend say high-school athletes have the right to select their own path, while their opponents argue that high-school athletes miss-out on a remarkable education opportunity by overlooking the college experience. Clearly, the NBA has no intention of preventing high-school athletes from enterin... ...all. The level of play at the highest level should not suffer because young guys do not know the ins and outs of the game. They should also put a pay-cap on the potential salaries of such under-aged athletes, and agents should be completely removed from the decision making process. None of these things will ever happen though because the NBA makes too much money off its young stars. Sports marketing is already a multimillion dollar business, and agents continue to claw into middle school gyms across the country looking for the next Kobi or Kwame. Moreover, with a game that continues to evolve around its new talent each year, raw flair draws in sponsors, advertisers, and marketers. The public loves to see the young versus the old, and the NBA loves to make money off these kind of situations. So long as colleges are not paying their athletes, which many do in forms of scholarships and performance incentives, college basketball will continue to lose its battle against the NBAâ€℠¢s appeal to young athletes. In this society education is no longer the most rewarding stable of success, instead it’s how many rings you have on your finger and how many video games you have named in your honor.

Oneself Changes Essay

God image’ is the subjective emotional experience of God. It is shaped by our experience of our parents and enables us to continue earlier learned relational patterns. The term, God Image is used to refer to one’s internal, intra-psychic, emotional representation of God. The God Image develops during childhood as the children are confronted with their limitations, and recognizes powers beyond their own work in their environment. This essay will focus on the ‘God image’ as it will be trying to explain ‘how Rizzuto show that as the image of one changes, so too, does one’s image of God change’. Before that, this paper will start by briefing a history of Rizzuto. Ana Maria-Rizzuto was an American psychoanalyst who began her interest in looking at Religion through the eyes of her discipline in 1963 when she was asked to teach a course in the seminary on the psychological foundations of belief. She was inspired by Freud’s insights into the role of parents in search of project with patients admitted to a private psychiatric hospital. Twenty patience were studied, ten men and ten women. The goal of her project was to study the possible origins of the individual’s private representation of God and its subsequent elaborations. Rizzuto took her basic hypothesis from Freud who had connected the individual’s ‘father in flesh’ with God. Freud claimed that all people create their own gods on the basis of early relationships shaped in childhood. In doing his project, Rizzuto had each one fill out detailed questionnaire and then she interviewed each to gain a comprehensive life history. In order to understand her subjects thoroughly, Rizzuto asked them to talk about themselves at the different stages of their growth, about their relationships, conflicts and problems. Her end goal was to be able to make a complex assessment and come to a clinical interpretation of the quality of each subject’s relationships in those private and subjective areas of experience which do not lend themselves easily to statistical analysis (Graham13-5). Rizzuto focused on the formation of an individual’s private representation of God during childhood, its modifications and uses during the entire course of life. She calls this process of formation the â€Å"Birth of the Living God†. As the image of one change, so, too does the one’s image of God change. Rizzuto says that the images and experiences from the earliest years, before oedipal struggles, seem to play a key role. The child alone does not create a God. According to Rizzuto, the development of a child throws light on the way the image and the concept of God come into being and interact. The new born baby has no interpersonal experience. The infant has the experience of the mother, the father and the siblings. The child has a multitude of interpersonal experiences. It is at age of three when the child becomes consciously curious about God. â€Å"A three year old oedipal child, for instance, has great curiosity and wants to know the why of living† (208). The child is especially interested in the causes of things like, ‘why do trees move? Where does the wind come from? The child ceaseless chaining of causes or animistic notions of causality will inevitably lead her/him to think of a superior being. The idea of God suits a child well because her parents and adult are already in her mind superior beings of great size and power. The child easily moves to an anthropomorphic understanding of God as a powerful being like her parents†(Rizzuto qtd in Winnicott 97) The child soon discovers that God is invisible; therefore, he is left to inner resources to fill the image of God as a living being described for him as a person. The powerful fantasy of the child has to ‘create’ the powerful being. As a result, as the image of o ne change, so, too does the one’s image of God changes. Also, an image of God can be created for a new human being through parental and societal devotion to God as like its parents. The child observes its parents and adults giving devotion to God. Since the child’s parents are like God to the child, the parent’s devotion to someone even greater than themselves is a mystery to the child. The parents and God then become associated and not clearly distinguished. The parents as objects become internalized, form the self and become symbolized by God image (Rizzuto qtd in Nelson 35). Horowitz writes, Rizzuto claims that, it is not known what psychic processes take place inside the child at that early age or the selective procedures that bring him/her to use one type of interpersonal experience and reject nother to form his/her image of God. What is known is that, the child has an image of God which he/she spontaneously uses in his/her questioning about him and in his own religious behavior? This early image may, to be sure undergo changes in later life. â€Å"This does not alter the fact that the child has formed his image of God out of interpersonal ex periences before he is intellectually mature enough to grasp the concept of God†( Horowitz 63). When the time comes for the child to receive formal religious teaching, his image of God and the concept of God will also change just as the image of one change (64). Furthermore, Rizzuto acknowledges the idea of Winnicot who says that, when a child grows and matures, he/she will come to his intermediate area of experience, which constitutes the greater part of infant’s experience, and â€Å"throughout life is retained in the intense experiencing that belongs to the arts and to religion and to imaginative and to creative scientific work† (14). At this stage, â€Å"instead of God losing meaning, his meaning becomes heightened by the oedipal experience and all other pre-genital events that have contributed to the reelaboration of his representational characteristics† (Rizzuto 178). Sometimes, however he may seem to lose meaning, paradoxically, on account of being rejected, ignored, and suppressed or found temporarily unnecessary. Lawrence broadened the understanding of what influences the development of the God Image in line with the idea of Rizzuto. It is now more commonly recognized that other relationships and experiences also impact the development of the God Image. One may again ask that, â€Å"Does young people who have not received any kind of religious education in general develop images of God? † This question can be answered with the findings of Rizzuto. She claims that in a very early age every child begins to form its image of God through parental messages about God. The image of God gets a clearer shape when the child begins to create so called fantasy companions, which help the child till adolescence to master inner conflicts. Amongst others, the fantasy companions can take over the role of a scapegoat, which allows the child to repulse negative impulses or they can help the child to strengthen their feelings of omnipotence or they can become caring companions of the lonely, neglected or rejected child (Lawrence 119 and Winnicot 140). Moreover, Rizzuto claims that even if a child is to be brought up in a religious or unreligious way, he/she will create God as a fantasy companion, whose existence is formed from his/her personal experience with parents and what he/she will learn about God in the environment he/she grows up in. he goes on to say that, nothing can be predicted on how the child will use the information which he/she gets about God. This means that no general statements can be made about the childlike image about God and its further development. For some children God may become very meaningful, for others God might have an evil, destructive character and for some he might not be of any importance at all. Nevertheless, the bottom line is that the as the image of a child or one changes, so, too, does the child’s or one’s image changes (Winnicott 143). Rizzuto agrees that Freud was basically correct in suggesting that God has his origins in parental imagos and that God comes to the child at the time of resolution of the oedipal crisis. That implies that all the children in Western world form a God representation- one that may later be used, neglected, or actively repressed. In all cases the type of representation the child has formed as a result of his personal experience with his self-perception. This is not because the God representation can exert any influence of its own but because the child actively uses his God representation and his transformations of it as an element in maintaining a minimum sense of relatedness and hope. Sometimes this is best archived by totally rejecting God; at other times ‘closeness’ to God offers a better solution (208). To sum up, Rizzuto tries to show that as the image of one change, so, too does the one’s image of God change. He does that by focusing on the development of a child. He writes that, the child create God image through experience and fantasy. Freud believes that only the father provides the imago for an ‘exaltation’ to Godhead but Rizzuto would then argue saying that it is either the father or the mother or both who helps in the formation of the God’s image in the child which can also affects his/her ideas and images of God later in life. Other primary objects like grandparents siblings may also provide some representational components. The entire representational process occurs in a wider context of the family, social class, organized religion and particular subcultures. All these experiences contribute a background to the shape, significance, potential use and meaning which the child or adult may bestow on their God representations.

Reverse Logistics as an Integral Part of Supply Chain...

Introduction Most of us think of logistics as a one-way street. Products are manufactured, packaged, stored in a warehouse, sold, and then shipped off to the customer ... end of story. Yet for many logistics managers today, thats not the end of the story. In addition to managing outbound goods, they also are responsible for reverse logistics--the flow of returned goods and packaging, including customer service and final disposition of returned items. The need to manage waste materials and returned goods is growing in all kinds of industries. Today, companies like Xerox, Mobil, Home Depot, and Ethan Allen Furniture - to name just a few - have recycling programs that meet the needs of their individual industries. There are many†¦show more content†¦A solution for many companies that have limited resources for reverse logistics is outsourcing that function to third parties or transportation companies. Its up to the shipper, though, to examine the cost and service benefits, then decide how much of the process should be outsourced. As with any outsourcing decision, its a matter of being able to focus on your core competencies and freeing up your people to work on products rather than expend your assets on [reverse logistics], suggests Brett Chyatte, senior marketing specialist for reverse logistics at Federal Express. Components The primary components of the reverse-logistics operation are retrieval, transportation, and disposition. The retrieval stage deals with where the waste or products should be picked up and by whom. Much depends on the nature of the item being returned; if its clothing, for example, a carrier can handle all of the pickup and documentation tasks at the consumers door. If, on the other hand, the items are oversized, heavy, hazardous, or very delicate, special training may be necessary for both customers and carriers. 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