What is a Semiconductor

A semiconductor is a material that has certain unique properties in the way it reacts to electrical current. It is a material that has much lower resistance to the flow of electrical current in one direction than in another. The electrical conductivity of a semiconductor is between that of a good conductor (like copper) and that of an insulator (like rubber). Hence, the name semi-conductor. A semiconductor is also a material whose electrical conductivity can be altered (called doping) through variations in temperature, applied fields, or adding impurities. While a semiconductor is not an invention and no one invented the semiconductor, there are many inventions which are semiconductor devices. The discovery of semiconductor materials allowed for tremendous and important advancements in the field of electronics. We needed semiconductors for the miniaturization of computers and computer parts. We needed semiconductors for the manufacturing of electronic parts like diodes, transistors, and many photovoltaic cells. Semiconductor materials include the elements silicon and germanium, and the compounds gallium arsenide, lead sulfide, or indium phosphide. There are many other semiconductors—even certain plastics can be made semiconducting, allowing for plastic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) which are flexible, and can be molded to any desired shape. What Is Electron Doping? According to Dr. Ken Mellendorf at Newtons Ask a Scientist: Doping is a procedure that makes semiconductors such as silicon and germanium ready for use in diodes and transistors. Semiconductors in their undoped form are actually electrical insulators that dont insulate very well. They form a crystal pattern where every electron has a definite place. Most semiconductor materials have four valence electrons, four electrons in the outer shell. By putting one or two percent of atoms with five valence electrons such as arsenic in with a four valence electron semiconductor such as silicon, something interesting happens. There are not enough arsenic atoms to affect the overall crystal structure. Four of the five electrons are used in the same pattern as for silicon. The fifth atom doesnt fit well in the structure. It still prefers to hang near the arsenic atom, but it is not held tightly. It is very easy to knock it loose and send it on its way through the material. A doped semiconductor is much more like a conductor than an undoped semiconductor. You can also dope a semiconductor with a three-electron atom such as aluminum. The aluminum fits into the crystal structure, but now the structure is missing an electron. This is called a hole. Making a neighboring electron move into the hole is sort of like making the hole move. Putting an electron-doped semiconductor (n-type) with a hole-doped semiconductor (p-type) creates a diode. Other combinations create devices such as transistors. History of Semiconductors The term â€Å"semiconducting† was used for the first time by Alessandro Volta in 1782. Michael Faraday was the first person to observe a semiconductor effect in 1833. Faraday observed that the electrical resistance of silver sulfide decreased with temperature. In 1874, Karl Braun discovered and documented the first semiconductor diode effect. Braun observed that current flows freely in only one direction at the contact between a metal point and a galena crystal. In 1901, the very first semiconductor device, called cat whiskers, was patented. The device was invented by Jagadis Chandra Bose. Cat whiskers was a point-contact semiconductor rectifier used for detecting radio waves. A transistor is a device composed of semiconductor material. John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley all co-invented the transistor in 1947 at Bell Labs.

The Implementation And Adoption Of An Lms - 7342 Words

This literature review consists of two primary areas relating to the successful implementation and adoption of an LMS. The purpose is to offer historical and theoretical support in the form of previous works which may help to build context around similar studies, and provide insight into answering the aforementioned research questions. The first section reports existing historical knowledge and current research on the LMS, including implementation, evaluation, and management, with examples of some innovative models which have emerged around the country. The second section covers Everett Rogers’ theory of Diffusion of Innovations (Rogers, 1995, 2003b, 2003a), including the perceived attributes for the adoption of innovations within large organizations. It will include the implementation of new technology, and how leadership decisions and communication play a role in the adoption process. Together, these sections provide a deeper understanding of crucial elements needed for an implementation framework, and underlying information for the research questions being explored. . Learning Management Systems Applying the use of computers to education is nothing new. From computer-based instruction (CBI), to computer-aided instruction (CAI), to many other coined terms, institutions have been enhancing instruction and assessment for quite some time. The first operational computer, the MARK 1, was launched at Harvard in 1944, followed by ENIAC at the University of PennsylvaniaShow MoreRelatedThe First Catalog Of Instructional Films4169 Words   |  17 Pageseducational experts alike, called a â€Å"disruptive event†, or â€Å"tipping point†, in education (Christensen, Johnson, Horn, 2010; Gladwell, 2006). However, despite this â€Å"disruptive† shift, student technology needs are not always met, in part due to a slow adoption by educators in the classroom (Gutschmidt, 2012; Rekhari, 2015; Stone Zheng, 2014). With the emergence of digital learning resources, like digital textbooks, however, some districts are looking to new ways to deli ver instruction. In modern learningRead MoreThe Impact Of Digital Transformation On A Learning Management System1195 Words   |  5 PagesThis evaluation is a workplace-based, qualitative research design that attempts to collect knowledge of the complexities of adoption, teacher attitudes, and other data regarding the impact of the digital transformation to a learning management system. Research focuses on 24 interviews of teachers across the district, and factors that influence their decision to adopt or not adopt the district’s learning management system. The case study approach was selected because of its ability to acquire informationRead MoreThe Success And Failures Of Fellow Educational Institution s Lms Implementation Plans Essay1760 Words   |  8 PagesResearch Academic leaders have researched and documented LMS implementation, researchers have studied successful LMS implementations from both student and faculty perspectives, all to increase the chance of success in their own institutions. For this project to be successful at Deerfield Academy it was imperative that we complete our own research and study the successes and failures of fellow educational institution’s LMS implementation plans. Plan Description To prepare faculty for this transitionRead MoreThe Theory Of Transformational Leadership Essay3267 Words   |  14 Pagesleaders, however, generally are intuitive and tactful about building rapport with their followers. Schein deduced that leaders who regarded innovation as a practice toward transformation and were supportive of technology had more successful implementations of innovative technology (Schein, 1994). The Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Innovation The relationship between innovation and leadership is difficult to understand, given the many variables of roles, people, technology andRead MoreLiterature Review Learning Management System1887 Words   |  8 Pages2000 (Online, 2006). Initial versions of an LMS focused on organizing and managing course content and learners. As with many organizations, higher education was unsure about the role of technology in the educational process. The rapid penetration of learning management systems as key tools for learning occurs in a vacuum of solid research as to their effectiveness in increasing learning—or even indication of best practices for technology implementation. Pedagogy is generally a secondary considerationRead MoreThe Human Resource Management System Essay1392 Words   |  6 Pages a new set of disruptors are doing it again. (Bersin) As vendors grew, the marketplace consolidated (as it always does). SuccessFactors, the pioneer in performance management, built out its recruiting product and later acquired Plateau (a leading LMS provider). Taleo, the pioneer in recruiting, built its performance management product and later acquired Learn.com. ADP acquired Workscape; Ceridian acquired Dayforce; SumTotal acquired GeoLearning, Pathlore, and Softscape; and Kenexa acquired a seriesRead MoreThe Learning Management System ( Lms ) For Teaching And Learning1815 Words   |  8 Pagesused to paint a more complete picture of each participant as an individual case and to gain more insight as to their attitudes and motivations for their innovation adoption decisions. The information sought was in response to the following research questions (RQs): RQ1. Of the teachers who have adopted the learning management system (LMS) for teaching and learning, what is different about those who adopt more quickly than others? (Interview questions #1 2) RQ2. How has the learning management systemRead MoreCentra Software1967 Words   |  8 PagesEureka Centra Software Catalogue â…   â… ¡ â… ¢ BACKGROUND ANALYSIS ALTERNATIVE PLANS â… £ COMMENTS â… ¤ PLAN IMPLEMENTATION â…   Background Centra is a pioneer in software eLearning in the fast-growth market. However it faces the threat from WebEx, who sells exclusively over the phone. Now, It is debating how to modify its go-to-market strategy and how to add telesales to improve sales force productivity. Should Centra concentrate on the enterprise customer and exclude small and mid-sizeRead MoreA Roadmap For Development Of Global Business Leadership Skills2126 Words   |  9 Pagesnot following the guideline. In fact, to add requirements without approval will result in departments needing budgets for technical controls, which cost money and thus management approval of the policy is crucial. As the business goals change the adoption of the policy needs to be considered and the employee behavior will change. It is critical that organizations must ensure the flock is going to be led out of harm’s way is our primary concern, but protecting the company’s information assets. AsRead MoreUk / Sustainability Stories Reading Lm )2055 Words   |  9 PagesSustainability Diaries 1. 25th, July 2014 (http://www.quaker.org.uk/sustainability-stories-reading-lm) The word sustainability has been defined ‘as the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their needs’ (Mansdorf, 2010). True Food Co-operatives in UK is a community owned business which specializes in the sale of eco-friendly household products, organic food and vegetables (Thompson, 2011). The company sells the products

Fit Fashion Business Management Essay Example For Students

Fit Fashion Business Management Essay Group Project (TQM)TQM stands for Total Quality Management, which is a cooperative form of doing business that relies on the talents and capabilities of both labor and management to continually improve quality and productivity using teams. (Joseph R. Jablonski Implementing TQM) The origin of TQM was derived during the 1980s by Dr. W. Edwards Deming and Dr. Joseph Juran. Both developed TQM in Japan to revitalize their crumbling economy at the time prior to the end of World War II. Japan began to flourish when Dr. Deming and Dr. Juran introduced Statistical Quality Control (S.Q.C.) which was a concept of management using statistical theory. Some of TQMs concepts were evident early on in the Penny Idea of 1913 developed by J.C. Penny. The Penny Idea consisted of these seven components: (1) To serve the public, as nearly as we can, to its complete satisfaction; (2) To expect for the service we render a fair remuneration and not all the profit the traffic will bear;(3) To do all in our po wer to pack the customers dollar full of value, quality, and satisfaction;(4) To continue to train ourselves and our associates so that the services we give will be more and more intelligently performed;(5) To improve constantly the human factor in our business; (6)To reward men and women in our organization through participation in what the business produces;(7) To test every policy, method, and act in this way: Does it square with what is just and right?The Penny Idea exercises customer satisfaction, fairness, quality, value, associate training, and rewards for performance. TQM contains three ingredients necessary for a company to flourish:(1) participative management;(2) continuous process improvement; and(3) the use of teams. Participative management is developed from TQM practice. It is the process of preparing employees with the skills and support to better understand how they do business, make improvements, and make change happen to allow participative management to flourish. Participative management is not immediate. Its momentum builds gradually with trust and feedback. Continuous process improvement (CPI) means accepting small, incremental gains as a step in the right direction toward Total Quality. Continuous process improvement reinforces long term focus in the company. The third ingredient necessary for a company to flourish is the use of teams. Teams are designed into cross-functional types with the individual employees aligned with the corporations goals for improvement. With these three ingredients together, successful Total Quality Manage ment can be achieved. There are six main principles of Total Quality Management. These include:(1) Customer Focus; (2) A Focus on Process as Well as the Results;(3) Prevention versus Inspection;(4) Mobilize Expertise of Workforce;(5) Fact-Based Decision Making; (6) Feedback. Customer Focus emphasizes on making improvements so that the customer is completely satisfied. In large organizations, employees are usually surprised to be asked to contribute knowledge and ideas. By getting different employee perspectives, the company can use many different techniques to achieve customer satisfaction. A Focus on Process as Well as the Results is the second TQM principle. This principle is based on the fact of exceeding customer expectations and needs. Prevention versus Inspection is the third principle of TQM. Here a structured approach to problem solving is applied along with making the necessary investments to understand the process and sources of process variation. The fourth principle is Mobilizing Expertise of the Workforce. Employees like to be appreciated and monetary rewards arent enough to keep one completely satisfied. Therefore other incentives must exist in the workplace such as social needs and comfortable atmospheres. Fact-Based Decision Making involv es understanding the process employees work in and around everyday, understanding the cause of their problems, and gathering information, data on which they can base decisions for improving that process. The last principle, Feedback, allows the other principles to succeed. It is the most important because day to day innovation can be achieved. Another important factor in achieving TQM is Process. Process is a series of operations linked together to provide a result that has increased value. Employees, customer influence, and resources come together to process company outputs. Company resources include people, equipment, material, money, and time. The results of the inputs are feedback to the employees so they can improve upon work habits. More efficient methods are achieved through this TQM process. Tragic heroes Persuasive EssayNumbers and measurements are necessary for the processes to be known. If inputs and the outputs can be measured and expressed in numbers, then something is known about the process, and control is possible. The first stage in using measurement as part of process control is to identify precisely the activities, materials, equipment,etc., which will be measured. The size of measurement task must be managed so that a reasonable parameter can be obtained. For example, some companies measure the supplier performance or the growth rate of the company. The presentation of this data is as important as getting the data because if you do not know how to use the data then you should not bother to have it. Decisions regarding the actual measurement process and the people who will carry out the measurement must be made consciously if the activity is to lead to improvements in quality. For the measurements to be used for quality improvement, they must be accepted by the people involved with the process being measured. The simple self measurement and plotting, or how am I doing chart will gain far more ground in this respect than a policing type of observation and reporting system which is imposed on the process and those who operate it. To conclude we do need measurement in order to control the TQM and we need to make the right decisions after the results of the measurements. We should chart the results in order to keep the control steady all the time. ImplementationImplementation is where we begin to see results from planning and control of resources and simply after the plan its training of the relevant people and start the implementation it self. When we talk about training it seems like a lot of training but actually it is important to review the magnitude of training realized by each level within the organization. While specifics differ for each company, I believe the allocation of training to be widely applicable. Note that the majority of the time, hence the majority of training resources, is allocated to specific skills training. Again, this emphasizes the need for analyzing and interpreting the results from the assessment Phase to spend pounds most effectively. The implementation consists of AWARNESS, ORIENTATION, and SKILLSAWARENESS? WHAT IS TQM HOW CAN IT HELP US OTHERS WHO HAVE SUCCEEDEDORIENTATION? WHAT IS OUR PLAN WHAT IS MY ROLE WHAT WILL BE EXPECTED OF ME?SKILLS? TEAM BUILDING ? CUSTOMER SERVICE? EMPOWERMENTCONCLUSIONThe motives for pursuing quality differ from company to company. In my opinion quality is changing the way we do business obviously improving it. In an extremely competitive, price-conscious industry, an organizations need for TQM becomes readily apparent. TQM can be called change as well but obviously it is not like changing your hairstyle or dress code. It is changing the way a whole organization works. The world it self is changing rapidly. A successful business must be able to change with the world as well. Sir Winston Churchill once said, there is nothing wrong with change if its in the right direction to improve is to change, so to be perfect is to have changed often. BibliographyJablonski, Joseph. Implementing TQM. United States: Pfeiffer, 1992. Bank, John. The Essence of Total Quality Management. UK: Prentice Hall Int., 1992. Oakland, John. Total Quality Management. United States: Nichols Publishing Co, 1989. Covey, Steven. The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People. US: Prentice Hall, 1995

The Holocaust Essay Paper Example For Students

The Holocaust Essay Paper Outline1 Introduction2 Facts about the Holocaust3 Conclusion Introduction Holocaust is a grieved history topic we have ever faced within the recent years. Although the notion ‘Shoah’ is widely used in Israel, it stands for the ‘Catastrophe’ of European Jewry. Since it was the most massive murders, the Nazis killed around 7 out of every 10 Jews during World War II not only in Germany. This horrible event occurred in Europe between 1933 and 1945 years  under the head  of Adolf Hitler. One of the most important directions of Hitlers terror in the time of the World War was determined by the racist theory of the Nazis. The demolition of inferior peoples and ethnic groups has become the primary line of Berlins policy in East Europe. People were killed because  of their  another view against the Hitler or  they  belong to a religion or ethnic groups that the Nazis desired to destroy. Facts about the Holocaust We will write a custom essay on The Holocaust Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Studying this period in the history we came across with lots of terrible facts  that can astonish everybody. Children were a special target for the Nazis at the time of the Holocaust. Being alive, they present a distinguished warning, though they can create a new Jewish era. Many children died on the way to the death camp; they were closed in a cattle truck where children have choked. The survivors were immediately put into a gas chamber. On the early period, the Nazis forcibly relocate Jewish from Europe to the ghetto and adhered to unintended destruction policy, depriving Jewish people of the essential resources for daily life. At night on November 9, 1938, in Germany and Austria, the Nazis attacked Jewish treacherously. This night was named a ‘Crystal’ or ‘Collapsed showcases’. The Nazis brought huge damage to Jewish society: over 1,000 synagogues and nearly 7,000 enterprises were ruined. They destroyed Jewish private buildings and homes. When this night finished, the Nazis murdered nearly 96 Jews and sentenced 30,000 victims. The cruelest and numeral murders occur in 1941 years on September in the BabynIar tract near Kiev in Ukraine, in the short period of only two days for about 33,000 Jews were annihilated. Prisoners were ordered to take off clothes and come to the border of the ravine, then the German units shoot. It causes that all people fell down. The Nazis put off the walls of the ravine, buried both the dead and alive. The police officers captured children and put them with to the others into the ravine. Prisoners, mostly Jews, called the Sonderkommanda, were obliged to burrow dead or incinerate them in stoves. Since the Nazis did not need bystanders, most members of the Sonderkommanda were regularly sentenced with other and later put in a gas camera. Some Sonderkommanda members try to hide their testimonies in the banks; they hope it helped to deceive the German government. There was a well-known â€Å"good doctor† Dr.  Josef Mengele. He conducted a lot of violent medical experiments during the Holocaust  where the prisoners were patients. They were crippled or paralyzed and further killed. The children named him uncle Mengele, he brought them sweets and toys before the murders. Later he drowned in Brazil. The genocides that were in Germany during the World War II did not give any real opportunity to Jewish to save. Usually, it was enough to choose a foreign religion or change the political views to stay alive. The Jewish generation could only survive if their grandmothers and grandfathers adopted Christianity by January 18, 1871. The number of victims was enormous in the Auschwitz camp. The Factory of Death, which was considered the largest camp in Germany, had three huge complexes—in fact, Auschwitz, Birkenau and Monovitz. In Germany, there was a popular poster  that justifies the murder of sick Jews: This ill person lives in the 60,000 Reichsmarks in life. A citizen is your money! Action Tiergartenstrasse 4 (abbreviated T-4)—at this address there was a headquarters in which they gave permission to the euthanasia program. â€Å"Death From Pity is a program to allow murder those Jewish who suffered from physical or mental illness for more than five years. Later, according to the euthanasia program, it was necessary to kill not only patients but also children under three years old. .u23e62a478d1c5cc5d6ac5e3e2ac1765d , .u23e62a478d1c5cc5d6ac5e3e2ac1765d .postImageUrl , .u23e62a478d1c5cc5d6ac5e3e2ac1765d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u23e62a478d1c5cc5d6ac5e3e2ac1765d , .u23e62a478d1c5cc5d6ac5e3e2ac1765d:hover , .u23e62a478d1c5cc5d6ac5e3e2ac1765d:visited , .u23e62a478d1c5cc5d6ac5e3e2ac1765d:active { border:0!important; } .u23e62a478d1c5cc5d6ac5e3e2ac1765d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u23e62a478d1c5cc5d6ac5e3e2ac1765d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u23e62a478d1c5cc5d6ac5e3e2ac1765d:active , .u23e62a478d1c5cc5d6ac5e3e2ac1765d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u23e62a478d1c5cc5d6ac5e3e2ac1765d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u23e62a478d1c5cc5d6ac5e3e2ac1765d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u23e62a478d1c5cc5d6ac5e3e2ac1765d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u23e62a478d1c5cc5d6ac5e3e2ac1765d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u23e62a478d1c5cc5d6ac5e3e2ac1765d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u23e62a478d1c5cc5d6ac5e3e2ac1765d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u23e62a478d1c5cc5d6ac5e3e2ac1765d .u23e62a478d1c5cc5d6ac5e3e2ac1765d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u23e62a478d1c5cc5d6ac5e3e2ac1765d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Media Violence1 EssayConclusion The Holocaust is one of the most terrible tragedies in which mankind dragged distorted ideas about the benefits of one race over another. In Europe, 6 million Jews were devastated, but there is still no final victims’ records. In this history page—inhuman pain, torture, suffering. Convicted so easily did not give up—there are many feats on the verge of death. The common tragedy brought together the Jews, and all those who sought to counter the Holocaust: indifferent people rescued alien children even when it was impossible to save their lives; under the torment of torture did not issue comrades; died, but did not give up. In the wicked body, there was a fire of indestructible attitude. Evidence of the Holocaust cannot be remembered without tears and mental pain, it is necessary to know about it—at least in order to avoid such a future.

International Expansion Strategy for BNP Paribas

Introduction The BNP Paribas group is a market leader in the banking industry with operations in over 75 countries. It has a strong presence in Europe, Asia, and North America, where it provides investment, commercial, corporate, and retail banking services. Retail banking covers direct banking services such as credit facilities and mortgages extended to individual customers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on International Expansion Strategy for BNP Paribas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The purpose of this report is to recommend an international expansion strategy for BNP Paribas. The report analyzes the macro-environmental characteristics of the Singaporean market, available opportunities and threats, and BNP’s strengths and weaknesses in respect to its international expansion strategy. Potential Target Market The Singaporean retail banking market has seen an accelerated growth over the past few years. The accelerated growth is projected to reach a value of $297bn by 2019 (MarketLine 2015). From 2010 and 2014, the market grew to a value of $228bn, averaging an annual growth rate of about 8%, which is higher than that of South Korea (MarketLine 2015). The significant growth rate has made the Singaporean retail banking market highly competitive in the Asia-Pacific region.  The key segments driving the Singaporean retail banking market include mortgage and customer credit. In 2014, mortgages were valued at $168bn, which was equivalent to 74% of the market (MarketLine 2015). In contrast, the credit segment was worth approximately $60bn, an equivalent of 26% of the market. In this view, BNP Paribas can leverage on its market leader position in retail banking to expand its mortgage and consumer credit services to the Singaporean market. Macro-environmental Characteristics of the Market Macro-environmental characteristics encompass the external factors that are not under the direct con trol of a firm. In this report, the PESTLE framework will be used as a model for analyzing the macro-environmental characteristics of the Singaporean retail banking market. Political Singapore enjoys a relatively stable political and governance landscape. The country’s competent leadership has favored competitive capabilities in many sectors, particularly the manufacturing industry. Singapore’s strict anticorruption policy has seen it being rated among the top five countries with the least corruption index globally.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, there has been an increased flow of foreign direct investments into the country in recent years.  Singapore has a thriving banking sector with strong liquidity levels. According to MarketLine (2015), the country’s regulatory body, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), requires tier 1 banks to maintain â€Å"capital ratios of above 9.0† (para. 8). In addition, the authority requires banks to observe the Base III capital standards on capital adequacy. Under this global regulatory framework, banks must maintain a mandatory â€Å"common equity ratio of 4.5%† to operate in Singapore (MarketLine 2015, para. 12). The strict regulations have ensured that banks maintain a high liquidity even when cash outflows are rising. Singapore has strict business regulations that guide foreign firms entering into its market. Any foreign firm is required to register as a limited company before being allowed to operate in Singapore. Furthermore, regulations enacted in 2007 stipulate that any private limited company must file annual returns with the country’s income tax department (MarketLine 2013). Thus, foreign companies operating in Singapore cannot keep their financial records confidential. Economic Singaporean economy is based on trade and manufacturing. It has a bu siness-friendly environment that attracts massive foreign direct investment inflows. The economy weathered the 2009 recession to grow at an annual rate of 14.7% in 2010 (MarketLine 2013). However, in 2011, the economic growth slowed to a low of 5.1% in response to the financial crisis experienced in the EU. The susceptibility of the Singaporean economy to external shocks is due to its openness to international firms and investors.  The country ranks third globally in per-capita GDP and has a relatively low tax regime (MarketLine 2015). The low tax rates make Singapore an attractive foreign investment destination. Singapore stands out as a financial hub in the Asia-Pacific region. Over 123 banks operate in the Singaporean economy with 117 of them being foreign (MarketLine 2015). Overall, the country’s economic landscape is highly attractive to foreign investment. Social Singapore ranks high in terms of literacy levels internationally. The Singaporean government’s expe nditure on education constitutes 3% of the country’s GDP with much of the funds going to elementary and secondary education (MarketLine 2013). In higher education, Singaporean institutions feature among the top 20 universities in the Asia-Pacific region.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on International Expansion Strategy for BNP Paribas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Singapore’s population consists of a disproportionate number of the elderly. The high number of elderly population is caused by the country’s low birthrate of 10.8 births per 1,000 persons (MarketLine 2013). The growing elderly population coupled with the low birth rate will present financial and socioeconomic challenges to the government in the future. The unemployment rate stands at 1.8%, down from 2.2% in 2010 (MarketLine 2015). The low unemployment rate is due to the sustained economic growth in the country. Technology Singa pore’s technology landscape is characterized by a high mobile penetration of 156.6 per 100 persons (MarketLine 2015). The government’s ‘iN 2015 strategy’ aims to transform Singapore into a technology hub. Under this plan, the government plans to fund various programs geared towards stimulating the adoption of technologies such as e-health in the country. In 2012, Singapore score on patented technologies stood at 152.5 patents per million people, which was higher than that of France (82.5). Singapore has also invested in ‘e-learning’ and e-government to provide the requisite infrastructure for technological innovation. Legal Singapore’s legal environment is characterized by a low tax regime and strict regulations. According to MarketLine (2015), the country’s corporate tax, which stands at a rate of 17%, is among the lowest in the Asia-Pacific region. The government reduced the corporate tax by a percentage point to 17% in 2009, m aking it among the lowest in the region. The government has also reduced the duration it takes to register a business. It takes three days to register a new company compared to an average of 12 days it takes in other OECD nations (MarketLine 2015). Moreover, in the Asia-Pacific region, it takes an average of three weeks to start a new business. Thus, Singapore’s legal environment is favorable to the growth of business and industry. Environment Singapore’s environment policy focuses on energy efficiency. The country undertook to improve its â€Å"energy efficiency by 35% and recycling by 70%† by the year 2030 (MarketLine 2015). Singapore’s efforts to increase energy efficiency will reduce the cost of doing business in the country. However, the country faces many environmental challenges because most of its land mass lies near sea level. Therefore, its coastal areas are vulnerable to the effects of rising sea level because of its long coastline. The Key Str ategic Issues BNP’s strong position in its market segments is a source of competitive advantage. However, to be successful in the retail banking market in Singapore, the BNP Paribas group must leverage on its competitive advantages and strengths to take advantage of the market opportunities and business threats or challenges that characterize the external environment.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Opportunities Mobile Payment Systems The Singaporean personal finance and mobile payment systems are key subsectors that offer opportunities for growth. BNP can venture into these two areas to increase its penetration into this market. In 2007, BNP launched a â€Å"mobile contactless payment system† in partnership with MasterCard (BNP Paribas 2015, para. 7). The multi-operator mobile solution, called Payez Mobile, brings retail banking services closer to the customers. BNP can capitalize on Singapore’s high mobile penetration, currently estimated to be 156.6 per 100 people, to penetrate the retail banking market.  Mobile solutions, such as Payez Mobile, that allow customers to manage their transactions can give the BNP a strategic advantage. Such solutions can increase the firm’s visibility in the retail banking market by allowing customers to withdraw or deposit funds in their accounts through their mobile devices. An integrated mobile solution that enables c ustomers to transact across different operators is another way BNP can penetrate and grow in the Singaporean retail banking market. Personal Finance Personal finance is replete with growth opportunities for new entrants. BNP already has a personal finance division that was started in 2007 in partnership with the UCB bank (BNP Paribas 2015). The BNP personal finance stands a good chance of tapping into the opportunities available in Singapore’s retail banking sector. Through the personal finance division, BNP can extend competitive credit facilities and mortgages to new clients in Singapore. According to BNP Paribas (2015), the group’s personal finance in the Eurozone is experiencing a double-digit growth, which is an indication that the bank has opportunities in the Singaporean personal finance sector. To gain a strategic advantage, BNP will need to utilize different platforms to increase its geographical reach. The bank can enter into agreements with partners or agent s to market its personal finance product. Alternatively, it can sell the products (mortgages and credit facilities) directly to the people or via the internet. The multi-channel approach will enable BNP to capture a large market and enhance its capacity to be competitive in the Singaporean market. Threats Singapore comes second in the Economic Freedom Index, an indicator of the business-friendliness of a country’s economic policy (MarketLine 2015). However, the increasing trade regulations, dependence on foreign labor, and rising property prices pose a threat to business growth. Trade Regulations Although Singapore’s business regulations favor investment inflows, recent trends indicate a toughening of the laws guiding foreign investments. As from 2013, any foreign-owned organization, regardless of its status in the country of origin, is required to register as a limited liability company to operate in Singapore (MarketLine 2015). In contrast, in other countries, regist ering as a private limited company is optional. Therefore, the BNP will have to register as a private limited company to operate in the Singaporean retail-banking sector. In addition, the bank must comply with the country’s 2007 regulations that require firms to file annual returns to the income tax department. Dependence on Foreign Labor Singapore experiences a persistent labor crunch, forcing it to rely on foreign labor to drive its economy. According to MarketLine (2013), foreign labor in 2012 constituted 37% of the country’s workforce, which is among the highest globally. Singapore’s overdependence on foreign labor is a threat to sustained economic growth. In addition, the government’s restrictions on labor inflows to provide opportunities for local workers are likely to slow down economic productivity. Rising Property Prices It is projected that the rising inflow of foreign labor will lead to an increase in the demand for property in Singapore. As a result, prices in the real estate and property market will rise, posing a threat to business growth. Private and public residential property in Singapore increased in value by over 120% and 70%, respectively, between 2009 and 2013 (MarketLine 2015). The rise in property prices is attributed to the high foreign labor inflow that drives the demand upwards.  The rise in property prices has increased the value of mortgages extended to households. According to MarketLine (2015), in 2013, up to 49,000 households in Singapore had two mortgages. As a result, Singapore’s household debt amounts to 77% of its GDP. The high household debt means that lenders cannot increase interest rates. Therefore, the BNP will face the threat of high household debt that will affect the growth of the mortgage segment. In addition, a high default rate, which is estimated to be 10%, is another threat to growth in this subsector. Strengths BNP’s strengths in the banking sector lie in its leading m arket position in the Eurozone, sustainable revenue mix, and strong capital base. These factors give the institution a strong strategic advantage as it expands its retail banking to new markets. Market Leader Position The BNP group is a market leader in Europe, particularly in France, where it is the largest bank. It offers banking services to the major international markets in Europe, Asia, and Africa, among other regions. Besides retail banking, BNP’s three other complementary products include â€Å"corporate banking, investment banking, and asset management† (BNP Paribas 2015, para. 4). Its market leader position in retail banking means that it has sufficient capabilities to leverage on to expand successfully into the Singaporean market.  On the global front, the BNP group ranks as the eleventh largest firm in its market segment. It is a leading provider of personal finance in the Eurozone. It’s French Lease Group dominates the equipment leasing market in F rance. Thus, BNP can capitalize on its position as a market leader to build its brand image in the Singaporean retail-banking sector. Sustainable Revenue Mix BNP’s revenue model is well balanced and sustainable. The share of its retail banking accounted for 56% of the total revenue earned in 2011, underscoring the significance of this segment to BNP’s growth strategy. In the same year, the combined income from the investment and corporate banking division constituted 24% of the revenue. Therefore, these complementary products provide a sustainable revenue mix that can help BNP expand its operations to international markets, such as Singapore.  In addition, BNP generates revenue from net interest income from its business divisions. In 2011, its net interest contributed about 57% of the revenue while income from commissions contributed 32% (Datamonitor 2012). Thus, BNP relies on multiple products to drive its growth, which means that it is resilient to shocks in the re tail banking market. Strong Capital Base Since 2010, the BNP group has been recording an increase in its capital and common equity ratio. The group’s capital grew from $88,754 million to $91,930 million between 2010 and 2011, increasing its common equity ratio to 9.6% (Datamonitor 2012). The high capital gains indicate that the firm has sufficient resources to expand into international markets, including Singapore. In addition, BNP group’s massive capital surplus, which, according to Datamonitor (2012), stood at $42bn in 2012, can enable the firm to weather disruptive market developments. Thus, the BNP group can remain resilient in the face of unfavorable market conditions Weaknesses Despite its leading market position, BNP has some internal weaknesses that affect its profitability. The declining quality of the bank’s loan book and cost management are some of the challenges facing BNP’s internal environment (Carter McNulty 2005). In particular, the risin g operational costs have had a significant effect on the group’s profitability. Declining Loan Book Quality BNP’s retail banking division extends credit and mortgages to customers. Since 2010, the bank’s debt or doubtful loans have been rising and currently stands at $47.9bn (Datamonitor 2012). The increased lending risk associated with financial crises in Eurozone countries has had an effect on the firm’s operating income. As a result, the bank’s coverage dropped to 80% in 2011 down from 81% the previous year (Datamonitor 2012). The declining coverage shows that the internal provisions have had little effect on the quality of the bank’s loan book and operating income. Inappropriate Cost Management BNP has been unable to control operational costs in some of its business divisions. The cost/income ratio of its Eurozone division increased to above 80% in 2013 from a low of 65% in 2010 (MarketLine 2015). In another division, called BancWest, co sts reached 57% relative to the operating income earned in 2010, up from 52% the previous year (MarketLine 2015). Clearly, the firm’s cost/income ratio is unfavorable, a scenario that has a significant effect on its profitability and growth plans. Recommended Actions The retail banking market in Singapore has grown significantly over the past few years, making it highly attractive to international players. Consumers show confidence in large financial institutions that have a strong brand identity, such as DBS. Therefore, new entrants must seek to build brand identity in the Singaporean market. In this respect, the writer recommends the use of an intermediary as the entry mode to the Singaporean retail banking market to reduce entry costs. In addition, this entry mode is less subject to the stringent regulations imposed on full-fledged institutions. The MSA regulations require all banks to maintain a capital ratio of 6%, in line with Basel III standards (MarketLine 2012). Thus , entering the market as a full-fledged will be more costly than the intermediary entry mode.  To penetrate the market faster, BNP will need to adopt innovative banking systems. The writer recommends that BNP should invest in in-house systems that can handle large volumes of customer data and allow contactless transactions via mobile devices. BNP will need to integrate vertically with network providers in Singapore to reach more customers. Additionally, BNP will need the services of firms that offer data processing software to roll out its credit/debit card product in the Singaporean market. Examples of such firms include MasterCard and Visa. Strategic partnerships with network/software providers will enhance the security of BNP’s credit cards. The partnerships will increase consumer confidence in the bank’s products and translate into a better brand image and business growth.  Debit cards will also provide BNP with an opportunity to penetrate the Singaporean retai l banking market. Debit cards offer extra advantages over hard currency, including security and ease of use. BNP can provide debit cards that facilitate online transactions or payment for services and goods to attract more customers.  Product differentiation is another strategy BNP can use to penetrate and grow in the retail banking market. Current players have comparable product offerings, which limit the degree of business competitiveness. BNP can introduce insurance and investment products in addition to credit/debit cards and mortgages. In addition, according to MarketLine (2012), the high-interest rates imposed by the current players have led to a decline in demand for credit services. In this view, BNP should offer credit facilities at competitive interest rates to attract new customers. As a big corporation, BNP can leverage on its huge capital base to provide credit services at competitive rates. The competitive interest rates will reduce the rate at which consumers switch to competitor products.  To increase its geographical reach, BNP will have to use agents or intermediaries. Through agents, the bank can expand its coverage and proximity to individual customers. Additionally, through vertical integration with mobile service providers, BNP can bring its services closer to the people. A multi-operator system, such as the Payez Mobile, will be useful in expanding the bank’s reach into areas currently underserved by the existing market players. Thus, partnerships with leading service providers will be a source of competitive advantage for BNP. Singapore is experiencing a property boom fueled by the increasing inflows of foreign investments. Between 2009 and 2013, private property value in Singapore increased by over 120% (MarketLine 2015). The rising property value shows that the demand for mortgages for building residential property is high. Thus, the real estate market is a lucrative segment that BNP can target. The current high-interest ra tes have forced property buyers to resort to renting, a scenario that has reduced the level of competitiveness of the mortgage sector. Therefore, BNP should offer mortgage products at low-interest rates to attract customers wishing to purchase residential houses. Singapore’s business environment and less restrictive policies are attractive to a foreign workforce. Thus, international firms expanding to Singapore can employ skilled foreign labor to drive their growth strategies. BNP can rely on an experienced foreign workforce to drive its retail banking business in Singapore. Experienced managers working in other BNP divisions can be redeployed to head its new operations in Singapore. The use of experienced managers will cut down the costs associated with training and turnover in the industry.  BNP is a market leader in personal finance in its existing markets. The bank’s personal finance product is doing very well in the European markets. BNP can sell the same produc t in the Singaporean market to tap into existing opportunities. In this respect, the writer recommends a multi-channel approach in reaching out to clients. BNP can use different channels, including internet, agents, and social networking sites to increase its digital presence. In addition, product offerings that complement customer credit and mortgages, such as insurance cover, would enable BNP to penetrate the Singaporean retail banking market successfully. References BNP Paribas 2015, Retail Banking and Services. Web. Carter, D. McNulty, E. 2005, ‘Deregulation, Technological Change, and the Business-Lending Performance of Large and Small Banks’, Journal of Banking and Finance, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 113-130. Datamonitor 2012, BNP Paribas Group: Company Profile. Web. Market Line 2012, BNP Paribas Group. Web. Market Line 2013, Country Profile Series: Singapore. Web. Market Line 2015, Market Line Industry Profile: Retail Lending in Singapore. Web. This report on International Expansion Strategy for BNP Paribas was written and submitted by user Amy Mcpherson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on World War One Airplanes

During World War One, the role of airplanes and how they were used changed greatly. At first planes were only used for sport, but people started realize that not only could airplanes be useful but they could even influence an outcome of the war greatly. Soon the war was filled with blimps, planes, and tethered balloons. By the end of the war, planes became a symbol of fear, but they were not always treated with such respect. In the time leading up to the war, the general feeling about planes was, they were a sneaky, unfair tactic that should not be used in warfare. During The 1899 Hague Peace Conference it was put on record that the dropping or shooting of any projectiles or explosives from the air during a time of war was forbidden and was considered a crime of war. It was also decided that airplanes could only be used for reconnaissance or spying missions. (Villard-227) â€Å"The airplane may be all very well for sport, but for the army it is useless† (Quoted in Villard-227) Even by the beginning of the war in 1912, the use of planes in war was still prohibited by the War Office. Shortly thereafter this changed, people awakened to the possibilities of air warfare. The world soon started to realize the effectiveness of planes in war and how the control of the skies could influence the outcome. Although the French were the first to have a working, conscripting air force and to license fliers, their trust in airplanes still was not up to par. Their lack of trust was justified, for the planes had no armaments, too many wires, and no reliable motor. (Villard-228) Soon all countries in the war effort had their own little air force, built hangers, and started to train pilots. The first bombing occurred in November 1911. Although the first bomb was dropped by the Italians, soon all countries were involved in bombing raids. (Villard-229) It was followed by the fi... Free Essays on World War One Airplanes Free Essays on World War One Airplanes During World War One, the role of airplanes and how they were used changed greatly. At first planes were only used for sport, but people started realize that not only could airplanes be useful but they could even influence an outcome of the war greatly. Soon the war was filled with blimps, planes, and tethered balloons. By the end of the war, planes became a symbol of fear, but they were not always treated with such respect. In the time leading up to the war, the general feeling about planes was, they were a sneaky, unfair tactic that should not be used in warfare. During The 1899 Hague Peace Conference it was put on record that the dropping or shooting of any projectiles or explosives from the air during a time of war was forbidden and was considered a crime of war. It was also decided that airplanes could only be used for reconnaissance or spying missions. (Villard-227) â€Å"The airplane may be all very well for sport, but for the army it is useless† (Quoted in Villard-227) Even by the beginning of the war in 1912, the use of planes in war was still prohibited by the War Office. Shortly thereafter this changed, people awakened to the possibilities of air warfare. The world soon started to realize the effectiveness of planes in war and how the control of the skies could influence the outcome. Although the French were the first to have a working, conscripting air force and to license fliers, their trust in airplanes still was not up to par. Their lack of trust was justified, for the planes had no armaments, too many wires, and no reliable motor. (Villard-228) Soon all countries in the war effort had their own little air force, built hangers, and started to train pilots. The first bombing occurred in November 1911. Although the first bomb was dropped by the Italians, soon all countries were involved in bombing raids. (Villard-229) It was followed by the fi...

Effect of Cohabitation on Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Effect of Cohabitation on Marriage - Essay Example A number of evidences support these arguments for cohabitation and they were promptly included. Formal marriage is the traditional form of union in the United States, and certainly the most common. This trend, however, is slowly being displaced as more and more adults enter into informal cohabitational unions. (Brown et al. 2005, p. 3) A number of research has shown that these cohabitational relationships are formed initially, lasting with a half-life of only about one year and the majority of the unions proceeding to marriages. (Laumann et al., p. 205) With this initial fact, the aim of this paper is to argue that cohabitation for adults have good effects on marriage, improving the odds for the eventual happy relationship which could lead to a lower risk of divorce. Fundamentally, I believe that premarital cohabitation is a good preparation for marriage before entering into a lifelong contract and acquiring shared responsibility of parenting. The main advantage of premarital cohabitation is that it allows couples to learn more about each other, particularly about ones habits and idiosyncrasies and hence, mature in their relationship. According to Janell Caroll (2009), this setup allows partners to smoothen the rough spots in their relationship and see whether they would be able to take their relationship to the next level. (p. 224) In this context, one sees that cohabitation is a transitional stage – one that is between the stage of being single and marriage. It allows partners to have intimate co-residential union and other similarities to married life without the social and legal contract that bind marriage. It recognizes, wrote Thornton, Axinn and, Xie (2007), the contemporary norms about sex and living arrangements in America and provide an alternative for a single man and woman who find themselves in love and wanting to share each other’s lives more fully before marriage by starting to

Filmmaking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Filmmaking - Essay Example Since the producer is the one who spends money for film production, he decides how much money is needed for the project. He will usually discuss it with the director. The director is the one who decides the actors, technicians, locations needed for the film he directs. Usually he discuss these matters with the producer. The director creates a rough idea in his mind about how the film is going to be pictured. He will discuss those ideas with the actors and other concerned technicians like cameraman, make up man etc. The director decides â€Å"Which way an actor looks, or which side of the camera he exits or enters, how the comedy and serious scenes pictured, when slow motion is required, how the actors should deliver the dialogue etc (Marshall). In short, film director decides how all the technicians taking part in the film function. It is difficult to produce good quality films using normal video cameras. An HD video camera with a wider aspect ratio of 16:9(wide screen) is necessary for making films in digital formats. The resolution should be greater than 1090 pixels wide x 1080 pixels high (What Camera To Use For Filmmaking). Canon, Nikon, Pentax, Sony etc are some of the prominent companies which make movie cameras. Digital cameras are used extensively nowadays in film shooting. Digital cameras use video tape, hard disk or flash memory for recording digital data. Digital data can be edited or modified easily compared to other data and that is why modern cinematographers use digital camera for the shooting purposes. â€Å"Paranormal Activity† is the movie which got highest bookings in last week. Its weakened gross revenue is $ 29003900. (U.S. and Canada Box Office). The world famous Hollywood is located in Los-Angeles. The history of film making in Hollywood was started in 1886 â€Å"when Landowners Harvey & Daeida Henderson Wilcox name their ranch Hollywood after Daeida met a woman in Ohio whose country house was

A Position Paper on Institutional Research Board Requirment Essay

A Position Paper on Institutional Research Board Requirment - Essay Example Hence, the objective of this paper is to elaborate on the arguments for ethics review of undergraduate research and to present proofs for the educational repercussions of IRB evaluation of this research. There seem to be two rationales for this unforeseen exclusion. Primarily, a great deal of undergraduate research is carried out at small colleges that do not have IRBs. Only organizations that have federally subsidized research are officially mandated to have research with human subjects evaluated by an IRB, and several small colleges do not have federally subsidized research. Moreover, a number of undergraduate researches get away from IRB scrutiny on the basis of false argument that, since undergraduate research is above all educationally encouraged, IRB review is not necessary. There are some educators who believe that it’s merely student research and therefore is not regarded as real research. Reasonably, educators may believe that student research would not require to be subjected to a real assessment (ibid, 20). Undeniably, federal IRB directives exempt research that is performed as a regular component of the educational process. Nevertheless, Section 46.101 merely exempts research in which data can be gathered as section of the regular, day-to-day educational procedure, such as unspecified course assessments, course performance mechanisms, or attendance documents. Section 46.101 does not indicate that a review is needless if research is educationally encouraged or a student is carrying out the research. Such an argument is indefensible (Kallgren, 1996). However, these arguments seem to be the justification brought into play by others for not having undergraduate research subjected under IRB review. Subjects are threatens when student researchers are at the wheels. Student researchers are less capable to foresee possible ethical dilemmas; or, if a problem surfaces, they may

Use Of Steel In Building Design Construction Essay

Use Of Steel In Building Design Construction Essay Steel is a mixer from alloy which consists a lot of iron and around 0.2 % of carbon. Grade will affect the weight of it but normally it is 2.1% by weight. For iron, carbon is the most common alloying material, but it also uses other elements such as manganese, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten. Carbon and other alloying elements likes what I mentioned just now are acting as a hardening agent. From doing so, it can prevent dislocations in the iron atom crystal lattice from sliding past one another. By control the amount of alloying elements, it can indirectly control the hardness, ductility and the tensile strength of the resulting steel. By increasing the carbon content, it can be made harder and stronger than iron, but such steel is also less ductile than iron. Steel also called as a versatile material because the composition and internal structure to tailor its properties can be adjusted by us. Due to this reason, we can produce steel for paperclips, steel bridges, thin strips of st eel for razor blades and large beam for column. Properties of steel Steel more or less is a linear elastic material, it has a strong tensile strength which made it can be bend into whatever shape that you like, and it also have the same compressive as the tensile strength . It different from concrete, as we know that concrete is very low in tensile strength but it has a strong compressive strength. However, with enough applied force, steel and other metals will cease to behave elastically and begin to behave plastically. When a material is linearly elastic, its deformation, or strain, will be directly proportional to the applied force and it will return to its original shape when the force is removed. A plastic material ,on the other hand, will permanently deform without breaking. In real life, we cant found such thing as perfectly elastic or plastic material. Material likes steel, the tensile strength and the compressive strength are concerned by structural engineers. When steel reaches its yield strength, It started to stretch and transition from elastic to plastic behavior. When there is more force that applied on steel, it will made it reaches its ultimate tensile strength and eventually it will break. Due to the high tensile strength that steel has, structural engineers take this advantage in their design. In some Natural disasters likes earthquake or major structural failure, the properties which steel has is very useful because it allows the structure to absorb extra load. For those material that too brittle, it will shatter instead of stretch, it possibly will cause the structure to crash down, but for material likes steel, when the structure is ruined, but its plastic behavior allows time for escape. Advantage of steel As all engineers know, steel is very useful in construction. There are a lot of advantages of using steel in construction. That is why so many construction in the world use steel as main material. 1. Recycling Use steel in construction only will generate a small amount of waste. For all those light gauge steel construction is 100 percent recyclable. In one year, over a trillion pound of steel was recycled. According from a trustable data, it shows steel industry annually saves energy up to 18 million households for a year. 2. Strong and Durability Compare with use wood for framing work, steel is significantly stronger than wood. Other than carbon fiber, there is no other material can match steels superior strength and durability. The reason we never apply carbon fiber in our building is because carbon fiber is much more expensive compare with steel. Building that uses steel will enable the building to resist earthquake, hurricanes and other natural disease. 3. Climate and Condition As we know, steel made from strong iron and carbon, so it will never crack, shrink, splinter, creep, split, or swell. Individual members of a wood-framed building react differently to climate changes. This wood movement may include expansion, contraction, warping, twisting, etc. 4. Weigh Steels weigh is 60 percent lesser than wood. 6 tons of steel can supports 2000 square foot home, but for lumber, it needs around 20 tons to support 2000 Sf home. Although steel is light but it is very strong. Use steel for foundations can make it be lighter; transportation and site handling are easier. Problem of steel There is no perfect material in this world; each material has their strong point and week point. For steel, the most serious problem is corrosion. Due to the moisture of the air, those steel that exposed to air will get rush easily. Owner of the house have to spend a lot of money to remove those rush steel and replace it with new steel. So rather than waste a lot of money to replace after it rush, engineer had found out some way to prevent it before get rush. 1. Materials resistant to Corrosion In real life, we cant find a material that can totally immune to corrosion in all environments. To prevent corrosion, we have to know the environment factor that causes them to rush. Corrosion Resistance Date are used to assess the suitability of material in an environment. 2. Protective coating For prevent steel from corrosion, protective coatings are the most widely used technique. Protective coatings separate the surfaces of the matter that will corrode from the factors in the environment which cause corrosion to occur. Even protective coating is a common way of corrosion control technique, but it doesnt mean it can 100 percent the surface. 3. Catholic Protection There is another way to prevent corrosion from using electricity. Catholic protection interferes with the natural action of the electrochemical cells that are responsible for corrosion. For those materials which always exposed to air or water, using Catholic protection method is a very good technique. Other than the corrosion problem, steel cant resist heat as well. So when in applied in column, it needs a thick layer of cement to resist fire. From doing this, when the building is in fire, people got a lot of time to run from the building before it collapse. Uses of steel in construction work The number of building keeps increasing nowadays with help of steel components all over the world. The engineer found out that steel that is very useful in the construction work due to the ability of tensile and compressive strength. Cost of steel also affordable by client. In a building, steel parts are the most strong, most solid and reliable type of all building material that can stand the test of time. Due to the reason which is steels are firm, and cheaper compare with other material, aesthetic, fire resist, do not require further treatment and it is environmentally friendly. Advantage of steel is enough to draw attention to metal and steel components; the only issue that needs even more elaboration is their elasticity and reliability. Nowadays people do not want to be scared anymore because of their firbeboard-house or pvc houses will be sweep away by storm, tornados and other natural disasters. Reliable, solid and firm components will brings trust to user. Corrosion is one of the biggest disadvantages of metal parts used for construction though nowadays most of the manufacturers heat-treat metal parts in order they become stainless and stone-like. Heat conductivity is another problem of metal structures that is why houses are not equipped with them in full scale. Structural-Steel Columns The method of securing the ends of a column greatly influences its strength. While wooden and cast-iron columns usually occur in building construction with flat or square ends, structural-steel columns are often used, having either hinged, flat or square, and fixed ends. Where the ends are securely fixed, so that the column is likely to fail in the shaft, before the end connections are ruptured, greater strength is developed than with columns having hinged or pinned ends. Columns having flat or square ends are somewhat stronger than hinged-end columns, but not so strong as those having their ends firmly secured. Light steel framing Thin sheets of galvanized steel can be formed into steel studs used as a building material for rough-framing in commercial or residential construction (pictured), and many other applications. The dimension of the room is established with horizontal track that is anchored to the floor and ceiling to outline each room. The vertical studs are arranged in the tracks, usually spaced 16 apart, and fastened at the top and bottom. Rectangular steel frame, or perimeter frame of the Willis building (at right) contrasted against the diagrid frame at 30 St Mary Axe, London, UK. The primary shapes used in residential construction are the C-shape stud and the U-shaped track, and a variety of other shapes. Framing members are generally produced in a thickness of 12 to 25 gauge. The wall finish is anchored to the two flange sides of the stud, which varies from 1-1/4 to 3 thick, and the width of web ranges from 1-5/8 to 14. Rectangular sections are removed from the web to provide access for electrical wiring. Steel mills produce galvanized sheet steel, the base material for light-gauge steel. Sheet steel is then roll-formed into the final profiles used for framing. The sheets are zinc coated (galvanized) to prevent oxidation and corrosion. Steel framing provides excellent design flexibility due to the inherent strength of steel, which allows it to span over a longer distance than wood, and also resist wind and earthquake loads. Light Steel Framing has been extensively used in cold climate countries due to its good thermal and structural behaviour. Heat loss reduction and tenement thermal comfort have been the main driving forces defining the design of these frames. The main issue to be addressed is how striving for thermal efficiency can lead to structural weakening and poor fire performance. ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel_frame) Summary Steel is a very important character in construction work. It can apply in concrete, farming work, beam, column, etc. Steel strong in tensile and compressive, so when apply in column, it can help column to easily crack or damage. Compare with wood make building, steel make building allow people run away from the building when it was in fire. Steel can be totally recycled, and it will not produce any waste when it apply in construction. Talk about the advantage, steel is strong and it can last longer than any material. Carbon fiber has same properties as steel, but cost of carbon fiber is extremely expensive compare with steel. There is no perfect material in the world, even steel is good, but it can corrode anytime when I expose to air or water. Client or owner spent a lot of money for the further treatment. So rather to spend money on the further treatment, they choose to do something on it before it install. Such way like coating, material resist, and catholic protection. Conclusion Initially I choose wood as the material of the assignment, but eventually I found out that steel is more common use and its properties is very unique. Steel much more stronger than wood, lighter than wood and talk about the further treatment, woods are easily spoil, so it will waste more money. But nowadays steels are getting lesser, we have to find another material to replace it, Carbon fiber has the same properties with steel but the problem is it is very expensive compare with steel. Recycle is the best way to solve this problem. Steel can be cycle easily, we can get the source from tin, old car, old buildings beam. From doing this, we can make sure

The Poetry of Emily Dickinson :: Emily Dickinson Essays

There are several important and interesting authors in the American Literature history to talk about in this paper. However, Emily Elizabeth Dickinson is one of the most fascinating authors that generates admiration by reading her life and poems. Even tough her poems were not completed and written on scraps of paper, she is considered one of the great geniuses of nineteenth-century American poetry. The main reason of this reputation is based on the fact that her poems are innovative. Her poetry is different because she uses different literacy aspects from her contemporary writers. Aspects such as her family, friends, social issues, love, death, education and, in general, her personality had a tremendous impact in her writing. Eventually, these aspects were visualized when her poetry was published, and editors took it upon themselves to group them into categories of Friends, Nature, Love and Death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emily Elizabeth Dickinson was born on December 10, 1830 in the quiet community of Amherst, Massachusetts. Emily Dickinson was raised in a quiet, reserved family. Her father was a very authoritative person and her mother was not emotionally accessible. Her parent’s personality was probably the main reason of Emily’s eccentricity. Emily was raised in the Christian tradition, and she was expected to take up their father’s religious beliefs and values without argument. However, later, her poems illustrate how Emily challenges these conventional religious points of view of her father and the church, and how this new perspective contributes in the way and strength of her poetry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Knowing that her family was well known in the area for its educational and political activity and before Emily started writing poetry, it is important to emphasize that Emily was a proper educated individual. She attended the Amherst Academy. After her time at the Academy, Emily left for the South Hadley Female Seminary but severe homesickness led her to return home after one year. This was basically the beginning of Dickinson’s life of solitude. This solitude could lead her to focus on her world and to start writing her first conventional style poems. Some years later, she started building her particular style in which she introduces different literacy characteristics to her poems making her a unique writer. Dickinson’s works have had considerable influence on contemporary and modern poetry. She used certain characteristics that made her style unique. Sporadic capitalization, dashes, unconventional metaphors, off-rhymes and broken meter are some of the most frequent aspects Dickinson used.

Case Scenario: Bug, Inc. Essay

The following is a case scenario provided by the University of Phoenix titled Bug, Inc., prepared by Susan Brown Cooper. Scenario: BUG, Inc., a company based in Any State, U.S.A., designs, manufactures, and sells electronic recording devices. These devices are used by law enforcement agencies (police, FBI, etc.) to intercept and record sounds and voices. The equipment taps into telephone wires, cell phone transmissions, and picks up sounds and voices through the walls of a house or in open-air locations through the use of a remote microphone. Part of the equipment is driven by software written by BUG employees. BUG has exclusive contracts with most state and federal law enforcement agencies throughout the United States. BUG is thinking about expanding its sales to international markets. Currently, half of its manufacturing plants are in foreign countries and half are in the U.S. The company’s logo is a ladybug wearing a set of headphones. As a team, we will be answering a series of questions based on this scenario and our reading of the text, Business Law, the Ethical, Global, and E-Commerce Environment. (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers, & Langvardt, 2002) Case Scenario: Bug, Inc. 1. Define the different type(s) of legal protections BUG should have for its intellectual property. Explain why these protections are necessary. Patent – Protects Bug, Inc from having other parties copy the design of their electronic devices for 20 years from the date they file a patent application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Copyright – Protects the object codes and source codes of the computer programs created by Bug, Inc., and their employees, that are used in conjunction with their surveillance equipment. Trademark – Protects Bug, Inc’s ladybug logo from being copied by competitors. Trademarks, like patents, must be registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Registration lasts for 10 years rather than 20, but can be renewed for additional 10-year periods. 2. Earlier this year, WIRETAP, Inc., a relatively new company trying to compete with BUG, sent an employee to BUG to get a job. BUG, not realizing Steve was an employee of WIRETAP, hired him to work in its research and development department located in Any State, U.S.A. While working at BUG, Steve forwarded any BUG e-mail he received to WIRETAP. This included e-mail between BUG officers (both domestic and abroad) that Steve intercepted using his hacking ability. At the end of each week, Steve met with his boss at WIRETAP and gave him all the information he obtained about the BUG product lines. Discuss in detail what type(s), if any, of civil liability Steve and/or WIRETAP may face if caught. Steve and WIRETAP may face several types of civil liability to include patent infringement, misappropriation of a trade secret, and interference with prospective advantage. WIRETAP would be liable for patent infringement if they used any information or sold any product that contained elements of a patented invention, which they might have received information on from Steve. They would also be liable if a recently designed or changed product had similar elements to any product that BUG had patented, even if the product was different in design. Since Steve assisted WIRETAP in obtaining information, he could also be liable for contributory infringement, if the information he obtained was used to infringe on the patentee’s rights. Depending on the information received and used by WIRETAP, they might or might not be liable for patent infringement. Though they might not be held liable for patent infringement, they have are at risk of being liable for misappropriation of a trade secret. A trade secret is defined as, â€Å"any secret formula, pattern, process, program, device, method, technique, or compilation of information used in the owner’s business, if it gives its owner an advantage over competitors who do not know it or use it†( ). If the information that WIRETAP received was considered a secret and of potential value, WIRETAP will most likely be held responsible for misappropriation liability. A misappropriation liability occurs when a secret is acquired by  improper means or an individual breached a duty of confidentiality regarding the secret. In Steve’s case, both were committed. First, WIRETAP committed fraud by sending one of their employees to be hired by BUS in order to gain inside access to the company. Secondly, Steve intercepted certain emails by using his hacking ability and broke his confidentiality agreement by giving WIRETAP information that was probably confidential. The last civil liability WIRETAP might face is interference with prospective advantage. Since WIRETAP intentionally interfered by stealing certain information, BUS could argue that they lost an advantage in their industry because of information that was placed into the wrong hands. In order for WIRETAP to be liable, BUS would have to prove that they had an advantage and that the advantage was lost by the illegal actions of one of their competitors. 3.& Walter, a security guard for BUG, learns that Steve really works for WIRETAP. Walter takes Steve to a small soundproof room where he keeps him for six hours. During this time, Walter continues to ask Steve what he is doing at BUG and what information he has given WIRETAP. Walter tells Steve that he will hurt him if he does not tell him everything. Steve finally tells Walter what he wants to know. Walter then lets Steve go home. Has Walter committed any torts? If so, explain. Discuss any liability BUG may have for Walter’s actions. Walter’s actions led to him committing three different torts to include assault, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and false imprisonment. False imprisonment was first committed when Walters kept Steve in a room for six hours in attempt to gain the truth from him. From the scenario described above, one would assume that Steve did not agree to stay confined in a room for an hour but instead, was confined in a room without his consent. Assault occurred when the security guard decided to threaten to hurt Steve unless he told him everything he knew. Though the guard never acted on his threats, Steve feared for his safety, therefore telling Walter everything he wanted to know. By placing Steve in a confined area for several hours and threatening to hurt him, Walters’s outrageous conduct  would have placed emotionally distress on Steve. Since Walters is an employee for BUG, BUG would be liable to pay for any damages that occurred because of the emotional distress that was placed on Steve. The only reason BUG might not be held responsible for the security guard’s actions is if they can prove the he did not act on behalf of the company, therefore making him Walters liable to pay for all damages. 4. BUG has come to you for advice regarding interstate and international e-commerce. BUG wants to sell its products through the Internet. BUG is concerned about privacy, security, infringement issues, email contract validity, and various other things. BUG is also concerned because a company that buys famous and/or company name domain names seems to own the rights to BUG.com. The company is willing to sell the domain name for a high price. Advise BUG on all e-commerce issues that could possibly affect them. Be detailed in your response. It is in the company’s best interest to sell its products online. Although there are many precautions one must take, it is still critical in being competitive in today’s marketplace. BUG must be aware of the various issues engaged in the e-commerce environment. Fraud is a high rise for one and both the company and customers are skeptical regarding making online purchases. BUG should be sure to provide security and privacy, speed in processing transactions, and fulfilling orders. BUG should have a spam free, popup free ecommerce storefront; secure all transactions with the latest SSL security standards; display disclaimer during the checkout process; and keep constant watch on the changes in Internet security provided periodically test. The company should also find an e-commerce solution that allows real time processing and try using proven shipping carriers that reach all locations within the designated time-frame. In addition, BUG may want to try to create its own domain, which will allow more security as well as distance from competitors. By using the same domain as one that had been used, will have only allow more unnecessary visitors at that site which will only add greater risk for fraud activities and security to be tampered with. BUG is to follow all legal laws in all countries affiliated, state economic barriers, and government provisions are to be acknowledged. 5. Shady Town, U.S.A. has been plagued with a recent crime wave. The BUG plant in Shady Town has experienced vandalized vehicles in its parking lot and some second shift employees have been robbed as they walked to their cars at night. BUG receives shipments of parts and other items from vendors at its receiving/shipping dock located at the rear of each plant. The parking lot and dock areas are well lit; however, some lights are now out. While waiting for the dock manager to return from lunch, a vendor was attacked and robbed of his wallet and electronic chips he was delivering. Discuss what, if any, tort liability BUG may have to the vendor and to the BUG employees that were attacked. What defenses may be available to BUG? Explain your answers. 6. The attorneys for BUG have completed their investigation of WIRETAP and its employee, Steve. If they want to bring a successful action against WIRETAP for civil RICO, what do they need to prove? What type(s) of damages could BUG receive? In order to bring a successful suit against WIRETAP, BUG would first have to prove that Steve was acting on the behalf of WIRETAP. Another huge factor, which would play a significant role on the damages BUG could receive, would be the information that Steve gave WIRETAP, and how that information was actually used. If BUG wanted to receive damages for patent infringement, they would need to prove that WIRETAP acquired and used information that was owned by BUG and protected by a patent. The basic damages that could be recovered patent infringement are damages equivalent to the infringement and compensation for court costs and interest. Damages equivalent to the infringement would include at least the determined amount of money the infringer profited for the use made of the invention but damages could include up to three times of those actually suffered. To receive damages for the misappropriation of a trade secret, BUG would have to prove that WIRETAP possessed a trade secret, and it was acquired by improper means, or Steve breached a duty of confidentiality regarding the secret. The damages that BUG could be entitled to include damages related to  the actual loss caused by the misappropriation and any profit received by the defendant from the misappropriation. Depending on the state, BUG could also be awarded punitive damages if the misappropriation is considered malicious. In addition to the damages described above, BUG might be entitled to damages for the interference with a prospective advantage. To receive such damages, they would have to prove that future advantages were lost because of the interference of WIRETAP and the improper use of information received by the company. The damages would then be based on the any future advantage that might have been lost. 7. Sally DoGood, a police officer in Shady Town, was sitting in a police van monitoring wiretaps placed in the Crime Boss hideout. The equipment she was using, which was an older model purchased from BUG, short-circuited and injured Sally. An insulator that could have prevented the possibility of shorts was not included in the original design because of its effect on production costs. The newer models, not yet purchased by the Shady Town Police, have the insulator installed. Sally may have a successful case against BUG for what tort(s)? Explain your answer(s). Sally may have a successful case against BUG for negligence and for causation of personal injury. Negligence can be used because there was intent on the part of BUG to not put in the part that could have prevented the short-circuit and the injury. If the original design had included this part and not been left out due to production costs, it could have saved BUG money in the lawsuit and saved Sally the pain that was caused to her. There also seems to be negligence on the part of the police department. They know the newer models are better and safer, yet they have not purchased them yet. Causation of personal injury exists because she was injured because of the fact that the company, BUG, did not include the piece necessary for the equipment to work properly. Had the insulator been in all of the designs, this injury could have been avoided. It was intentionally left out, and therefore caused personal injury. References: Business Law: The Ethical, Global, and E-commerce Environment (12th ed.). Jane P. Mallor, A. James Barnes, L. Thomas Bowers, & Arlen W. Langvardt McGraw Hill, 2004 Burr Ridge, IL University of Phoenix Material: Case Scenario: Bug, Inc., Susan Brown Parker. Retrieved from http://www.phoenix.edu Prospective

PROTEIN essays

PROTEIN essays Protein Synthesis The Expression of a Gene The process of Protein Synthesis involves many parts of the cell. Unlike other similar productions, this process is very complex and precise and therefore must be done in proper sequence to work effectively. The slightest error during this process could cause the action to experience difficulty or even fail. For example, in the production of starch, glucose molecules are combined to be stored and eventually utilized as usable chemical energy. The cell can break down the starch with little difficulty as if each molecule was identical, even though there is a wide variety of molecules. This is a different case in Protein Synthesis. In Protein Synthesis, there are twenty different amino acids and if one is out of place than is will effect the specificity of the protein. In a healthy person, the protein hemoglobin can be found in red blood cells, hemoglobin is helps with the transfer of respiratory gases from the blood to the tissues of the bod y. With an illness called sickle-cell anemia, the red blood cells are changed from a round, disk shape to a floppy looking sickle shape. These cells therefore cannot pass through small blood vessels due to their divergent shape. The actual cause of this mutation is a gene disorder, where the sixth codon of the protein glutamaric acid is changed with valine. This small change in the genetic code can cause severe defects in the effected such as blood clots, severe disorders and even death. All this can result from a misinterpretation in one codon in a chain of hundreds! Protein synthesis acts in this way, that is if there is only the most minuscule mistake it can have monstrous effects. THE BASICS OF DNA AND GENES Protein synthesis first begins in a gene. A gene is a section of chromosome compound of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA. Each DNA strand is composed of phosphate, the five-carbon sugar deoxyribose and nitrogenous bases or nucleotides. There are four t...

The Necklace

The Necklace To me, this story was suspenseful. At the begging of the book, I kept thinking that Loisel was going to get everything she wanted, and everything was going to turn out just right for her and not her husband. At first, I didn't like Loisel too much because to me, it seemed that she was not happy with what she had at all. It was like, she just wanted more and more. I was really shocked when she lost the necklace. For a while, I thought that she hid the necklace somewhere and was not going to return it to her friend after the ball. Maybe not turn it in because they were not a very wealthy family to begin with. I definitely got a different view on the story from the beginning towards the end of the story. I also got a different view on Loisel. The reason why I got a different view on Loisel is because, I thought at the beginning she was just a normal lady, and then towards the middle, when she was going to the ball, she seemed to be more snobby to me.Like she just kept wanting more of ev erything. I guess you could say that the story had an ironic twist to it. The setting of the story was perfect, I believe. That's how it made me make my decision on how Loisel was going to act and everything. How she wanted to be perfect for the ball, and be better than everyone else. I really enjoyed the story though.

International Finance and Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

International Finance and Internet - Essay Example Countries reacted by restricting movements of capital and establishing fixed exchange rates. Starting from 1973, industrial countries began to reduce restrictions on capital and exchange rates were driven by forces of competition between markets. Modern theory of trade encourages trade liberalisation towards global welfare. Trade liberalisation would enable countries to specialize in producing products they have comparative advantage at producing at more quantities and less costs. Eventually the world would enjoy more products at lower costs. The integration of innovations in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) with trade liberalisation has lead to the emergence of International E-Commerce (IEC). IEC is a subset of e-commerce and it is defined as an on-line commitment to sell a product that result in the import or export of goods or services cross-borders. IEC still accounts for a small portion of overall international trade (USGAO 2002). Investment in ICT generated new financial instruments leading to invention of new means of conducting business worldwide. The Golden age of European economic growth (the period between 1950 and 1973) was superseded by the United States productivity growth that outperformed European productivity growth. ... During the 1990s there was spectacular progress in ICT production, which encouraged more capital investment in ICT causing ICT equipment to become much cheaper. ICT production became larger relative to GDP in the United States. EU has lagged behind the United States in ICT investment and in the contribution made by ICT to labour productivity growth. For most EU countries except Ireland, ICT production accounts for smaller proportion of GDP than in the United States (Crafts 2003). Weak investment in ICT in Europe is related to regulation. Employment protection legislation, which raises firing costs, is an obstacle to the reorganization of the labour force and work practices which are central to obtaining the payoff from ICT. Although Europe has moved in the direction of deregulation and some countries have a strong advantage over the United States in human capital, the continued strength of employment protection remains as a drag on ICT capital investment. ICT investment is likely to boost growth (Crafts 2003). 2.1 Economic Effect of Information and Communication Technologies It is assumed that innovative ICT will make financial transactions easier, secure and at a lower cost. It is possible to lower transaction costs since information costs make up a great portion of the transactions costs. Transaction costs are mainly operation cost. In the B2B segment, the use of e-commerce technologies, i.e. primarily electronic information exchange among enterprises, optimizes production, inventory keeping and distribution (Wenninger, 1999). Automating transactions may markedly reduce the procurement cost before, during and after a transaction,

Ethics in Public Administration and Policy Research Paper

Ethics in Public Administration and Policy - Research Paper Example In fact, public administrators and policymakers that share common values, practice ethical behavior and have a sense of purpose enjoy a competitive advantage. Ethics applies in both public and private organizations in offering services and leadership with an aim of promoting public interest, integrity, and accountability. This paper will thus discuss the history and importance of ethics in public administration and policy. It will equally address a good, clear research question based on ethics in public administration and policy. Ethics in public administration and policy refers to the determination of the right and wrong human behaviors in course of offering public services and leadership. The modern world is a witness to questions of fraudulent practices, inequality, mismanagement of funds, and other unethical behaviors in public administration and policy. As such, this has led to the need for addressing ethical standards in public administration and policy (Lawton, 2010). Actually, there is a dire need for ethical problem solving and decision-making in public administration and policy-making. Therefore, the public administrators have a mandate to establish and implement ethical standards in an organization. Ideally, every organization adopts a code of ethics that defines how the public administrators and other stakeholders should behave in making policies and offering leadership. Moreover, Ethics in public administration and policy relates to social commitment, ethical leadership, and organizational cultur e. Indeed, the importance of ethics in public administration and policy is unquestionable. Ethics helps in restoring discipline, ensuring accountability, integrity, compliance with standards, and better leadership for purposes of public leadership. Through the code of ethics, we can avoid various frauds errors, and unethical behaviors like corruption in public administration and policy. Actually, where anti-corruption laws and codes of conduct fail in preventing unethical behavior, international bodies like the United  Nations seek to establish a code of ethics that promotes good public administration and policy.  

The United Arab Emirates embassy in Washington D.C Essay

The United Arab Emirates embassy in Washington D.C - Essay Example On the security front, the giant nations, the UAE and the USA, have and continue to collaborate, with their relations gaining momentum each and very give minute. To be sure, UAE is the only country in the Gulf region that has provided military assistance and cooperation to the USA forces in its five military operations, namely the Afghanistan, Libya, Somalia, Bosnia-Kosovo and the Gulf wars. In addition, the UAE and the United States support each other’s efforts in fighting terrorism and providing peace around the world, and so was the foundation for the bilateral Defense Cooperation Agreement signed in 1994, permitting the United States to base troops and their military artillery within UAE federation borders, particular, in Jebel Ali port, in Dubai, providing waters deep enough to berth the aircraft carriers of the US naval forces.UAE and the USA have also increased their partnership in the social and cultural sectors; Universities such as New York University, Boston Univers ity and other USA institutions initiating different projects in the UAE. The US healthcare institutions such as Johns Hopkins, Cleveland Clinic and May Clinic are also cutting a niche for themselves by in the UAE by exchanging ideas and/or best practices in health care services. The UAE was but among the countries that come in handy with to support the victims and reconstruct the damages caused by Hurricane Katrina in 2011, and indeed help rebuild Joplin school in Missouri and provide new laptops to the affected students.

Two-Factor Authentication Essay Example for Free

Two-Factor Authentication Essay According to the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, verifying someones identity online involves at least one of a few factors. These factors are the following: Information the Person Knows This could be a username and password combination, social security number, a PIN they chose, or something else that the person could know but others wouldnt. Something the person is able to Physically Posses A good of this is the persons ATM card. A more secure physical factor could be a use flash device with a key on it. The final factor that can be used is something unique to that person only, a Biometric Fingerprints and Rental Scans are examples of this. Â  The difference between single and multi-factor authentication is that single factor would only use one of these, like a username/password combination, which could be easily stolen through a variety of methods both local and remote to that persons physical location (keygrabbers, network sniffing, trojans, observation, brute force attacks, or just loose lips). Multi-factor authentication requires at least one other input. Therefore an example of two-factor authentication would be having to enter your username and a password and also your ATM card number and security code from the back, or a fingerprint scan and entering your ATM card number, or even all three for three factor authentication. The FDIC feels that financial institutions should be using two-factor authentication. There have been a number of recommendations made to the financial institution industry, and most large banks and investment houses are now using two-factor. The bank should definitely be using multi-factor authentication. Two-factor authentication will not only protect their customers, but it will help protect them against liability in the event that one of their customers does have their identity stolen. Since they are a small bank, budget will be a serious consideration when making the switch to two-factor authentication. A method that has been used in the government and military, and that is now easily accessible is the use of a hardware sequential number generator. This involves the use of a small (cigarette lighter sized) device that generates a new unique number every few minutes. It is based off of a algorithm the bank computer knows and each person has their own unique seed number, so each persons numbers are unique to them. When they log in, they are asked for a username/password combination and the number off their hardware key. According to the FDIC this is now one of the most commonly used technologies used by online banking services. Considering that the bank is small, the above suggestion of a hardware key that generates one-time passwords is really the best option. However, USB fingerprint readers are not too expensive now, and using biometrics like this could be an option especially for business customers. The upside of the hardware key is that you can bring it with you wherever you go, but that brings up the downside that it can be stolen. Your fingerprints cannot be stolen so easily. Either way, two-factor authentication should be implemented as soon as possible to protect the bank and their customers.